摘要
工业机械手有能模仿人手和手臂的某些动作功能,用固定程序搬运,抓取物体或操作工具的自动操作装置,机械手主要由手部和运动机构组成。按照搬运或者抓去的物件形状、尺寸、重量、材料和作业环境等的要求的不同,手结构形式有吸附型和夹持型等。运动机构的功能是使手部完成各种动作:移动、转动等运动来实现规定的动作。机构的伸缩、升降和旋转等运动方式,称为机械手的自由度。本设计选用三自由度直角坐标型工业机器人,其自由度为X轴,Y轴和Z轴方向,是通过滚珠丝杠来实现小臂与大臂的伸缩,升降。而这些动作都是通过在步进电机的带动下进行。在控制器的作用下,它将执行将工件从一条流水线抓取并运送到另一条流水线这一简单的动作。本篇主要对机械手的传动部分滚珠丝杠与步进电机进行了计算,计算内容主要包括工业机器人的传动机构的设计,以及其机械传动装置的选择。另外对控制部分的描述主要有PLC的控制方案,接线原理图以及程序流程图等。
关键词:三自由度,直角坐标,PLC,机械手
ABSTRACT
I
ndustrial robot arm able to mimic some of the ma
npower a
nd motor fu
nctio
n, with a fixed program ha
ndli
ng, grab objects automatically operated device or operati
ng tools, robots mai
nly by ha
nd a
nd sports i
nstitutio
ns. Accordi
ng to differe
nt requireme
nts for ha
ndli
ng objects or arrested shape, size , weight, material a
nd operati
ng e
nviro
nme
nt a
nd the like , i
n the form of the ha
nd grippi
ng structure a
nd a
n adsorptio
n -type. Fu
nctio
nal moveme
nt mecha
nism is to complete a variety of ha
nd actio
ns: move, rotate a
nd other sports to achieve the required actio
n. Retractable mecha
nism, lifti
ng a
nd rotatio
n moveme
nt patter
n, called degrees of freedom ma
nipulator.The desig
n uses three degrees of freedom Cartesia
n i
ndustrial robots, its degrees of freedom for the X -axis, Y -axis a
nd Z -axis directio
n is achieved by ball screw telescopic arm with the big arm moveme
nts. These actio
ns are carried drive
n by a steppi
ng motor. I
n the role of the co
ntroller, it performs the work piece crawl a
nd tra
nsported to a
nother pipeli
ne from the simple act of a pipeli
ne.This thesis is part of the robot drive a ball screw a
nd stepper motor, calculated mai
nly i
nclude i
ndustrial robots choose to desig
n tra
nsmissio
n mecha
nism, as well as its mecha
nical tra
nsmissio
n devices. I
n additio
n to the co
ntrol part of the descriptio
n of the mai
n co
ntrol scheme PLC, wiri
ng schematics a
nd process flow chart. Key words: three degrees of freedom, Cartesia
n coordi
nates, PLC, ma
nipulator 目录 1绪论1 1.1课题来源1 1.2课题目的、意义1 1.3国内外发展基本情况1 2工业机械手的总体设计3 2.1机械手的组成3 2.2工业机械手的设计分析4 2.3总体设计方案4 3.机械手的机械系统设计8 3.1机械手手爪设计8 3.2机械手传动部分设计15 3.3机械手基座部分设计21 3.4轴承的选取28 4 PLC控制系统设计29 4.1可编程序控制器的选择及工作过程29 4.2 PLC控制系统30 5结论36 参考文献37 致谢38 1绪论 1.1课题来源 本课题来自于企业项目。 1.2课题目的、意义 随着加工行业在我国的迅速发展,各行各业的自动化装备水平越来越高,现代化加工车间,常常配有机械手,以提高生产效率,代替工人完成恶劣环境下危险、繁重的劳动。目前,机械手常用于完成的工作有:汽车制造领域的零件装配及焊接;注塑工业中用于从模具中快速抓取制品并将制品传送到下一个生产工具;机械加工行业中用于取料,送料;浇铸行业中用于提取高温溶液等等。
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ndustrial robot arm able to mimic some of the ma
npower a
nd motor fu
nctio
n, with a fixed program ha
ndli
ng, grab objects automatically operated device or operati
ng tools, robots mai
nly by ha
nd a
nd sports i
nstitutio
ns. Accordi
ng to differe
nt requireme
nts for ha
ndli
ng objects or arrested shape, size , weight, material a
nd operati
ng e
nviro
nme
nt a
nd the like , i
n the form of the ha
nd grippi
ng structure a
nd a
n adsorptio
n -type. Fu
nctio
nal moveme
nt mecha
nism is to complete a variety of ha
nd actio
ns: move, rotate a
nd other sports to achieve the required actio
n. Retractable mecha
nism, lifti
ng a
nd rotatio
n moveme
nt patter
n, called degrees of freedom ma
nipulator.The desig
n uses three degrees of freedom Cartesia
n i
ndustrial robots, its degrees of freedom for the X -axis, Y -axis a
nd Z -axis directio
n is achieved by ball screw telescopic arm with the big arm moveme
nts. These actio
ns are carried drive
n by a steppi
ng motor. I
n the role of the co
ntroller, it performs the work piece crawl a
nd tra
nsported to a
nother pipeli
ne from the simple act of a pipeli
ne.This thesis is part of the robot drive a ball screw a
nd stepper motor, calculated mai
nly i
nclude i
ndustrial robots choose to desig
n tra
nsmissio
n mecha
nism, as well as its mecha
nical tra
nsmissio
n devices. I
n additio
n to the co
ntrol part of the descriptio
n of the mai
n co
ntrol scheme PLC, wiri
ng schematics a
nd process flow chart. Key words: three degrees of freedom, Cartesia
n coordi
nates, PLC, ma
nipulator 目录 1绪论1 1.1课题来源1 1.2课题目的、意义1 1.3国内外发展基本情况1 2工业机械手的总体设计3 2.1机械手的组成3 2.2工业机械手的设计分析4 2.3总体设计方案4 3.机械手的机械系统设计8 3.1机械手手爪设计8 3.2机械手传动部分设计15 3.3机械手基座部分设计21 3.4轴承的选取28 4 PLC控制系统设计29 4.1可编程序控制器的选择及工作过程29 4.2 PLC控制系统30 5结论36 参考文献37 致谢38 1绪论 1.1课题来源 本课题来自于企业项目。 1.2课题目的、意义 随着加工行业在我国的迅速发展,各行各业的自动化装备水平越来越高,现代化加工车间,常常配有机械手,以提高生产效率,代替工人完成恶劣环境下危险、繁重的劳动。目前,机械手常用于完成的工作有:汽车制造领域的零件装配及焊接;注塑工业中用于从模具中快速抓取制品并将制品传送到下一个生产工具;机械加工行业中用于取料,送料;浇铸行业中用于提取高温溶液等等。
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