摘要 本课题是设计半自动穴盘育苗精量播种机的结构与工艺。今朝,我国育苗下种主要以人工点播或者撒播为主,其效率低,重播、漏播率高,下种出苗不均,且需增长分苗工序,劳动强度大,远远不能满足现代化举措措施农业生产的需要。是以,火紧急需要要研究制造开发适应不同种类、外形、巨细的育苗精量下种机,处理完成工厂养育苗中精量下种的要害技能设备。外洋育苗下种机的研究与开倡议步较早,技能含量高,群体组成一套性好,但价格昂贵,合用于大型工厂养育苗企业。国产育苗下种机多为科学研究院所研究制造,现实投入生产较少,仅占育苗设备市场份额的10 %。 常见下种机按原理分为机械式和气吸式二类,机械式又有槽轮式、型孔轮式、气吸式等。其中槽轮式、型孔轮式穴盘下种机因其排种不匀称,容易损伤胚珠或者种芽,不适于广泛推广;气吸式穴盘下种机具有排种精度高、不伤种芽等长处,但其打造成本高、操作调整未便,生产效率有待进一步提高。 这篇文章预设了一种结构简单、操作方便,生产效率高、下种精度好的气吸式半自动穴盘精量下种机,经生产考核,基本能满足温室大棚穴盘育苗高效生产的要求。 功能分析：实现穴盘精量播种机→取种，投种。取种：机械式、气吸式、磁吸、 →气吸(不伤种)投种：自重、气力投种、 →气力投种（清种）气吸：吸板（高效）、滚筒（复杂）、针式（精准）、 →吸板+针式=嘴式吸盘（高效，精准）种与吸嘴接触：传统频率激震（震落种子）→震动→弹簧→力=弹簧+牵引力=抛振装置（简单稳定）气力投种：气→正压→气路切换→换向阀→控制→行程开关→撞→位移→水平位移→四连杆机构、抽拉式、→直滑轨（快捷） 关键词：嘴式吸盘，抛震装置，直滑轨 City ma
nhole sludge extracti
ng device desig
n Abstract Factory
nursery seedli
ng,which has bee
n developed i
nter
natio
nally i
n rece
nt years-IS a
n eect tech
nologY to i
ncrease agricultural productio
n．Compared to the co
nve
ntio
nal autum
n seedli
ng productlo
n tech
nology,factory
nursery seedli
ng has ma
ny adva
ntages．The seedli
ng groh e
nviro
nme
nt ca
n be effectively co
ntrolled because the seedli
ngs are isolated from
natural e
nviro
nme
nt by gree
nhouse·I he seedIi
ngs ca
n resist the cold temperature i
n the spri
ng a
nd the seedli
ng recoveri
ng time IS greatly sho
ne
ned after tra
nspla
nti
ng．The tech
nique will be used more widely i
n Chi
na because of these obvious adva
ntages· It is weII k
now
n that the
nursery seedli
ngs meteri
ng devices is the importa
nt tools for developi
ng this tech
nique．Therefore，the developme
nt of the
nursery seedli
ngs meteri
ng devices is esse
ntial for eXte
ndi
ng the factory
nursery seedli
ng tech
nical i
n differe
nt regio
ns of Chi
na． The research of the precisio
n seedli
ng meteri
ng device focus o
n the vegetables a
nd flowers i
n the foreig
n cou
ntry a
nd the research focus O
n the rice i
n Chi
na．Fu
nded by the
natio
nal key scie
nce alld tech
nique project”The desig
n a
nd research o
n the key equipme
nt for the adaptive agriculture”sub-toplc ot ”The research o
n the meteri
ng device a
nd tra
nspla
nti
ng equipme
nt”i
n Xi
njia
ng Productio
n a
nd Co
nstructio
n Corps，we desig
n a
nd ma
nufacture the
novel sucker throw。vibrati
ng prectsto
n seedli
ng meteri
ng devices for cotto
n seedli
ngs based o
n the prelimi
nary studies ofthe
nursery sowi
ng seed meteri
ng devices i
nter
natio
nally．Furthermore，we do a series experime
nts o
n its theoretical a
nalysis，computer simulatio
n a
nd
numerical simulatio
n study． The papers comme
nce from the whole machi
ne Structure desig
n of tray seeder,puts forward a
new ideas of Seeds i
n boili
ng u
nder the vibratio
n force，desig
ned a
new ype of ejectio
n device of the gram box, theoretical a
nalysis of adsorptio
n mecha
nism of the cotto
n a
nd worki
ng mecha
nism of the ejectio
n deVlce a
nd established a mathematical model of the correspo
ndi
ng，determi
ne the ects of adsorbability of the relatio
nship betwee
n the mai
n factors．The structure of the
nozzle a
nd sucker is optimized by the somVare of CFD．improve the adsorptio
n properties a
nd accuracy of the
nozzle． Numerical simulatio
n IS used to orthogo
nal test of the adsorptio
n properties of the
nozzle，ide
ntify the impact O
n the adsorptio
n properties of the relatio
nship betwee
n primary a
nd seco
ndary factors，fou
nd a
n optimal level of each factor a
nd the optimal scheme—The mai
n results of research for
new precisio
n air-suctio
n seeder ofdesig
n，provided
new ideas，methods a
nd theoretical refere
nce． The results showed that the device had these characteristics，simple structure，co
nve
nie
nt operatio
n， low co
nsumptio
n，good performa
nce i
n sowi
ng．This device could be applied to differe
nt sowi
ng seeds through the replaceme
nt of suctio
n
nozzle． Key word：Throw—vibrati
ng；Precisio
n Seeder；I
ndustrialized Breedi
ng；
numerical simulatio
n test. 目录 摘要i Abstract iii 第一章引言6 第二章抛振机构工作原理7 2．1设计目标8 2.2总体机构设计9 2.2.1结构组成10 2.2.2工作过程11 2.3主要部件结构参数设置10 2.3.1气室(吸种盘腔体)形状尺寸的确定10 2.3.2吸孔参数的确定11 2.3.3气源的确定11 2.3.4种盘的确定11 第三章理论计算14 3.1气吸播种的理论分析15 3.1.1种子吸附运动的流体力学的原理分析16 3.1.2种子动力源特性分析17 3.1.3抛振机构运动规律分析17 第四章结论与展望20 4.1研究结论21 4、2后续工作及展望22 致谢24 参考文献25 第一章引言 目前，我国实现工厂化育苗播种主要有两种基本途径： 1）通过购买国外整套自动化流水线或者单一播种设备； 2）依靠人工点播或撒播。 国外整套设备虽自动化程度高，但其结构复杂、不易操作且价格昂贵，即便是单一播种装置价格也在5万元左右，显然不符合我国实际农业经济水平。人工手撒籽播种存在效率低，重播、漏播率高、劳动强度大且播种后出苗不均,影响秧苗质量等缺点，远远不能满足现代化设施农业的需要。国产育苗播种机多为科研院所研制，实际投入生产的很少，不足育苗设备市场份额的10% 种苗是园林花卉、绿化苗木生产的物质基矗近几年，随着农村产业结构及种植业结构的调整，园艺绿化植物的种植面积逐年扩大，我国各地的工厂化育苗技术在园林花卉，绿化苗木、蔬菜等育苗上迅速发展起来。工厂化育苗的重要性已日渐凸显