机械5

摘要 起重机械是一种循环、间歇运动的机械。常用于物品的装卸。经过这些年得发展，桥式起重机在现代生产活动中已一个不可取代的地位。随着时代的进步，起重机的自动化程度也逐步提高，从原始的用人和牲畜控制到了现代的机器控制。因此工厂对起重机的要求也是逐渐提高。起重机正面临着一场改革变化。 起重机一般指既有起升机构又有水平运动机构的起重设施，这些机构均是起重机基本的机械结构。我们一般根据其不同的水平运动形式，将起重机分为桥式起重机和臂架式旋转起重机。本次设计中我选用的是桥式起重机。 根据设计要求，本次设计主要是一个满足5T承载量的钢体结构，主要设计计算端梁、主梁的尺寸，并对其进行校核，端梁与主梁之间采用法兰式螺栓连接，并对缓冲器进行了选择和校核。文章后面还对焊接工艺进行了选择和分析。最终完善CAD工程图以及三维图，使其在实际生产操作中能够准确稳定的完成各项工作，提高生产效率，并成功投入到市常 关键词：单梁桥式起重机；主梁；端梁；法兰连接 ABSTRACT Lifti
ng machi
nery is a circulati
ng, i
ntermitte
nt moveme
nt of machi
nery. Commo
nly used i
n the loadi
ng a
nd u
nloadi
ng of items. After these years of developme
nt, bridge cra
nes have a
n irreplaceable positio
n i
n moder
n productio
n activities. With the progress i
n these years, the degree of automatio
n of the cra
ne has bee
n gradually improved, from the origi
nal employme
nt a
nd livestock co
ntrol to the moder
n machi
ne co
ntrol. So the factory requireme
nts for the cra
ne is gradually i
ncreased. The cra
ne is faci
ng a reform a
nd cha
nge. Cra
nes ge
nerally refer to hoisti
ng facilities with both lifti
ng a
nd horizo
ntal moveme
nts, which are the basic mecha
nical structures of the cra
ne. We ge
nerally divide cra
nes i
nto bridge cra
nes a
nd boom-type rotary cra
nes accordi
ng to their differe
nt levels of moveme
nt. Accordi
ng to the desig
n requireme
nt, This desig
n mai
nly for a steel structure satisfy 5T load, a
nd determi
ne the size of cra
ne girder a
nd mai
n beam. The size also
need to be check a
nd calculate. Bolt co
n
nectio
n is used betwee
n girder a
nd mai
n beam. A
nd I also choose the buffer, calculate a
nd check whether it meet the desig
n requireme
nts. Fi
nally, the weldi
ng process is desig
ned a
nd a
nalyzed. CAD drawi
ng a
nd the graphic bei
ng fi
nished, make it accurate a
nd stable i
n actual productio
n operatio
ns to complete the work, improve productivity, a
nd fi
nally bei
ng successfully brought o
n to the market. Keywords: Si
ngle bridge cra
ne；mai
n beam; e
nd beam; fla
nged coupli
ng 目录 摘要I ABSTRACT II 1绪论1 2箱形结构主梁和端梁的设计3 2.1箱形梁式桥架的主要尺寸确定3 2.2主梁主要尺寸的确定5 2.3端梁截面尺寸的确定6 3主梁和端梁的校核7 3.1主梁强度计算7 3.2主梁强度的校验10 3.3刚度计算12 3.4主梁的稳定性计算12 3.5端梁强度计算13 3.6端梁强度校核14 4主要焊缝的计算17 4.1主梁翼缘焊缝计算17 4.2主梁上盖板焊缝17 4.3端梁的焊缝计算17 4.3主梁、端梁连接焊缝计算18 4.4角焊缝强度计算18 5主梁与端梁连接计算19 5.1法兰板连接焊缝计算20 5.2法兰连接螺栓的计算21 6起重机的机构工作级别和钢丝绳选择23 6.1机构利用等级、 23 6.2机构载荷状态23 6.3机构工作级别23 6.4钢丝绳的选用23 6.5钢丝绳直径的计算23 7起重机小车的设计25 7.1起重小车轨道的选择25 7.2起重机小车轨道的尺寸校核25 8焊接工艺设计28 8.1焊接28 9缓冲器32 结论35 参考文献36 附录1：外文翻译37 附录2：外文原文45 致谢55