机械5

摘要 大型客车由发动机、底盘、车身和电器设备等几大部分构成。研究表明，大型客车车身约占整车质量的30%～40%，在空载情况下，有70%的燃油消耗在车身质量上，同时，车身是汽车各组成部分中唯一具有吸收碰撞能量能力的，在碰撞发生时通过合理变形对车内乘员进行防护。因此对于大型客车车身的设计，能够有效的提高车辆的动力性、燃油经济性和行驶稳定性。 本文以KLQ6100G城市公交车为例，参照KLQ6100G城市公交车已有汽车底盘，用三维设计软件（CATIA）对该公共汽车的车身造型、内饰布置、乘客区布置等各种汽车布置进行设计与研究。在设计该车布置时，参考以往同类型设计研究方法，对该车的各部件装饰形式进行了认真分析，并严格按照公共汽车制造标准进行设计。在能够提高载客量的基础上优化外形设计，使其美观大方，并且依靠内部结构设计，提高乘客乘坐时的舒适性，增强乘客的乘坐体验。 由于我国城市化进程的加速以及居住郊区化带来的交通需求，大型客车在解决城市交通需求和市场需求的角度上变得越来越重要。对大型客车车身造型及总布置的研究，有利于我国城市公交的发展。在贯彻公共交通“安全、舒适、快捷、经济、方便”的基本原则下，本有一定的应用和参考价值。 关键词：城市客车；CATIA；车身造型；总布置 ABSTRACT Co
nte
nt: Large passe
nger cars from the e
ngi
ne, chassis, body a
nd electrical equipme
nt, a
nd other major compo
ne
nts. The study shows that the large passe
nger car body occupies about 30% to 40% of the vehicle quality, i
n the case of
no load, 70% of the fuel co
nsumptio
n i
n the body quality, while the body is the o
nly part of the car with the ability to absorb collisio
n e
nergy Of the collisio
n occurred i
n the car through a reaso
nable deformatio
n of the occupa
nt protectio
n. Therefore, the desig
n of large passe
nger car body, ca
n effectively improve the vehicle's power, fuel eco
nomy a
nd drivi
ng stability. This paper to KLQ 6 1 00G city bus, for example, with refere
nce to KLQ 6 1 00G city bus has a car chassis, with three-dime
nsio
nal desig
n software (CATIA) o
n the bus body shape, i
nterior layout, passe
nger area layout a
nd other automotive layout desig
n a
nd research. I
n the desig
n of the car layout, with refere
nce to the same type of desig
n a
nd research methods, the car parts of the decorative form awake
ned a careful a
nalysis, a
nd i
n strict accorda
nce with the bus ma
nufacturi
ng sta
ndards for desig
n. I
n the process of theoretical a
nalysis a
nd modeli
ng, lear
n the latest body desig
n i
nformatio
n, the desig
n of repeated cha
nges i
n the capacity to improve the basis of the volume to optimize the shape desig
n, so beautiful a
nd ge
nerous, a
nd rely o
n the i
nter
nal structure of the desig
n to improve passe
nger comfort , To e
nha
nce the passe
nger's ride experie
nce. Due to the acceleratio
n of the urba
nizatio
n process a
nd the traffic dema
nd caused by the suburba
nizatio
n, the large passe
nger car is becomi
ng more a
nd more importa
nt i
n solvi
ng the urba
n traffic dema
nd a
nd market dema
nd. The study o
n the shape a
nd layout of large passe
nger cars is co
nducive to the developme
nt of urba
n public tra
nsport i
n Chi
na. U
nder the basic pri
nciple of "safe, comfortable, fast, eco
nomical a
nd co
nve
nie
nt" for public tra
nsportatio
n, this paper has certai
n applicatio
n a
nd refere
nce value. Keywords: city bus； CATIA,；body shape； total layout 目录 摘要I ABSTRACT II 1绪论1 1.1大型客车车身设计的研究现状1 1.2我国城市公交车发展方向2 1.3本课题的研究内容3 1.4本章小结4 2车身外部造型与总布置设计5 2.1空气动力学特征在整车外形中的应用5 2.2汽车车身制图5 2.3整车外形总布置设计7 2.4车身三维造型设计10 2.5本章小结17 3车身内部总布置设计18 3.1人机工程学在整车内部总布置中的应用18 3.2确定驾驶员座椅H点位置21 3.3仪表板设计24 3.4确定各操纵件的位置26 3.5乘客区座椅布置28 3.6本章小结30 4驾驶区三维造型设计31 4.1仪表台造型设计31 4.2驾驶员座椅造型设计33 4.3操纵件造型设计34 4.4驾驶区各主要部件装配38 4.5本章小结38 5乘客区三维造型设计39 5.1地板设计39 5.2乘客座椅及座椅支架造型设计41 5.3乘客区座椅装配42 5.4本章小结43 6结论44 参考文献45 附录1：外文翻译46 附录2：外文原文52 致谢54