机械5

液态CO2爆破筒封孔器性能方案设计 摘要 气体爆破在矿山爆破领域越来越受到重视。其污染小，爆破过程相对炸药爆破缓慢平和，爆破后产出大块的整矿石，而非炸药爆破产生冲击波和溅射碎石，相对安全。液态二氧化碳因其价格低廉、运输方便、污染小等优点受到了高度的关注，而因其独特的物理特性使得其在气体爆破领域得到了大量的应用。而若要应用气体爆破方式就相应的需要一个能可靠封堵住气体的装置，因此液态二氧化碳爆破筒封孔器也就应运而生。 本首先对二氧化碳相关物理性质进行了阐述，简要叙述了液态二氧化碳相变时的参数变化；其次对液态二氧化碳爆破筒封孔器的结构进行了设计，确定封孔器各关键部分的组成，例如，膨胀橡胶的材料，骨架部分的材质等；然后参照现场作业的实际情况，对封孔器的各部分尺寸进行了设计；最后对封孔器进行了性能分析，计算校核各部分的稳定性以及可靠性。为了实现封孔装置的创新性、实用性及高度互换性，在本中对应设计了三种方案。同时在的结尾对三种方案进行对比评估和总结，得到了三种各具特色的封孔器。 关键词：气体爆破；液态二氧化碳；封孔器 ABSTRACT Gas blasti
ng is gai
ni
ng more a
nd more atte
ntio
n i
n mi
ne blasti
ng. Its pollutio
n is small, the blasti
ng process relative to the explosive blasti
ng slow a
nd calm, after the productio
n of large chu
nks of the whole ore, rather tha
n explosive blasti
ng shock waves a
nd sputteri
ng gravel, relatively safe. Liquid carbo
n dioxide has attracted a lot of atte
ntio
n because of its low price, co
nve
nie
nt tra
nsportatio
n, small pollutio
n a
nd other adva
ntages, a
nd its u
nique physical properties make it i
n the field of gas blasti
ng has bee
n a lot of applicatio
ns. A
nd if the applicatio
n of gas blasti
ng o
n the correspo
ndi
ng
need for a reliable gas blocki
ng device, so the liquid carbo
n dioxide blasti
ng barrel seali
ng device also came i
nto bei
ng. I
n this paper, the physical properties of carbo
n dioxide are described first, a
nd the parameters of liquid carbo
n dioxide phase cha
nge are briefly described. Seco
ndly, the structure of liquid carbo
n dioxide blasti
ng drum is desig
ned to determi
ne the compositio
n of key parts of the seali
ng device. For example, The material of the expa
nded rubber, the material of the skeleto
n part a
nd so o
n. The
n, the size of each part of the seali
ng device is desig
ned with refere
nce to the actual situatio
n of the field operatio
n. Fi
nally, the performa
nce of the seali
ng device is a
nalyzed, a
nd the stability of each part is calculated. reliability. I
n order to realize the i
n
novatio
n, practicability a
nd high i
ntercha
ngeability of the seali
ng device, three schemes are desig
ned i
n this paper. At the same time, the three schemes are evaluated a
nd summarized at the e
nd of the paper. Key words: gas blasti
ng ；liquid carbo
n dioxide ；seali
ng device 目录 摘要I ABSTRACT II 1绪论1 1.1设计液态二氧化碳爆破筒封孔器的意义1 1.2封孔器国内研究现状2 1.3国外封孔器研究现状4 1.4现有技术不足及选题需要解决的问题5 1.5发展趋势5 2草图方案的细化6 2.1封孔器的草图方案6 2.2膨胀材料的选用6 2.3注入口和出气口材料的选择7 2.4橡胶和注入口出气口密封方式的选择7 3创新式封孔器9 3.1密封方式的选择9 3.2整体设计制作10 3.3封孔器进行性能分析的相关计算11 3.4方式一方案细节设计16 4实用性封孔器19 4.1方案具体设计19 4.2性能分析的相关计算21 4.3方式二方案细节设计25 5互换式封孔器28 5.1封孔器的具体设计28 5.2性能分析的相关计算29 5.3方式三细节设计33 6结论36 参考文献37 附录1：外文翻译39 附录2：外文原文43 致谢49