机械5

道路声屏障计算机辅助设计 摘要 现如今我国城市建设迅猛，国民私家车保有量显着提高，据不完全统计，目前全国民用汽车保有量达到7619万辆。随之而来的交通噪声污染不仅对道路沿线两侧居民的正常生活造成了相当程度的干扰，还加剧了交通事故的发生。针对此情况，国内外大都在道路两侧设立声屏障来降低交通噪声污染，虽有一定的降噪效果，但程度有限，还需进行复杂的设计计算和模拟。 目前有关声屏障设计方面的不少，但并没有一套完整的设计流程，而且在对声屏障进行计算机设计时，某一个参数的改变，往往对障板整体设计带来很大影响。本针对声屏障的设计计算，参考《声屏障声学设计和测量规范》，安排了一套切实可行的完整的设计流程，并在此基础上开发了一款道路声屏障计算机辅助设计的软件。该软件通过输入实地测量的数据，经预先设计好的计算方法，计算出声屏障的各个设计参数，然后根据已算好的参数，自动生成对应型号的声屏障障板，供设计人员使用。 通过输入模拟数据来检验此软件的运行，在数据的整体准确性和声屏障的计算机绘图效率上来说，都较一般声屏障的设计有显着提升。因此，本不仅给设计人员带来一套清晰完整的设计流程，而且所设计的软件也会大幅提高制图效率，对声屏障的设计会有较大程度的提高。 关键词：噪声声屏障计算机辅助设计 ABSTRACT With the acceleratio
n of urba
n co
nstructio
n a
nd the improveme
nt of per capita i
ncome, the
number of private car ow
nership has i
ncreased sig
nifica
ntly, accordi
ng to i
ncomplete statistics, the curre
nt
natio
nal civilia
n car ow
nership reached 76 millio
n 190 thousa
nd. The e
nsui
ng traffic
noise pollutio
n
not o
nly caused a co
nsiderable degree of disturba
nce to the
normal life of reside
nts o
n both sides of the road, but also exacerbated the occurre
nce of traffic accide
nts. I
n view of this situatio
n, most of the domestic a
nd foreig
n sou
nd barriers are set up o
n both sides of the road to reduce traffic
noise pollutio
n, although there is a certai
n
noise reductio
n effect, but the degree is limited, the
need for complex desig
n a
nd simulatio
n. The sou
nd barrier desig
n aspects of the paper a lot, but does
not have a complete desig
n flow, a
nd the sou
nd barrier i
n computer desig
n, a parameter cha
nge, ofte
n have a great impact o
n the overall desig
n of baffle. This thesis focuses o
n the desig
n of sou
nd barrier calculatio
n, refere
nce "
noise barrier acoustical desig
n a
nd measureme
nt sta
ndards", desig
ned a complete desig
n process is feasible, a
nd o
n the basis of the developme
nt of a computer aided desig
n software of
noise barrier. The software i
nput through the field measureme
nt data, the calculatio
n method of pre desig
ned well, calculate the various desig
n parameters of the sou
nd barrier, the
n accordi
ng to the good parameters, automatic ge
neratio
n of sou
nd barrier baffle the correspo
ndi
ng models, for desig
ners to use. Through the i
nput of simulatio
n data to test the operatio
n of the software, the overall accuracy of the data a
nd the efficie
ncy of the computer drawi
ng of the barrier, are sig
nifica
ntly improved tha
n the ge
neral desig
n of the sou
nd barrier. Therefore, this paper
not o
nly bri
ngs a set of clear a
nd complete desig
n process, but also greatly improves the efficie
ncy of the desig
n of the software, the desig
n of the sou
nd barrier will be greatly improved. Key words： Noise Sou
nd barrier Computer aided desig
n 目录 摘要I ABSTRACT II 1绪论- 3 - 1.1我国道路交通发展状况- 3 - 1.2我国道路交通噪声污染现状和带来的危害- 3 - 1.3采用声屏障治理道路交通噪声污染- 4 - 1.4国内外道路声屏障适用性发展状况- 5 - 1.5研究内容及意义- 5 - 2道路声屏障降噪机理- 7 - 2.1相关名词解释- 7 - 2.1.1声屏障- 7 - 2.1.2隔声量- 7 - 2.1.3吸声系数- 7 - 2.1.4声屏障插入损失- 7 - 2.1.5降噪系数- 7 - 2.2道路声屏障的降噪机理- 8 - 2.2.1透射（tra
nsmissio
n) - 8 - 2.2.2反射（reflectio
n) - 8 - 2.2.3绕射（diffractio
n） - 9 - 3.对声屏障进行结构设计- 10 - 3.1确定声屏障设计目标值- 10 - 3.1.1噪声保护对象的确定- 10 - 3.1.2受声区的确定- 10 - 3.1.3声屏障设立初的背景噪声值- 10 - 3.1.4声屏障设计目标值的确定- 10 - 3.2位置的确定- 11 - 3.3几何尺寸的确定- 11 - 3.3.1长度- 11 - 3.3.2高度- 11 - 3.3.3厚度- 12 - 3.4声学设计- 12 - 3.4.1绕射声衰减- 12 - 3.4.2反射降低量- 13 - 3.4.3透射减小量- 13 - 3.4.4插入损失- 14 - 3.5结构设计- 14 - 3.5.1声屏障的隔声降噪设计- 14 - 3.5.2声屏障吸声降噪设计- 16 - 3.5.3密封结构的设计- 16 - 3.5.4景观设计- 16 - 4．声屏障计算机实现- 17 - 4.1声屏障降噪目标值主要程序- 17 - 4.2尺寸结构设计主要程序- 18 - 4.3声学参数计算的主要程序- 18 - 4.4障板参数统计主要程序- 19 - 4.5cad图纸- 22 - 5结论- 23 - 附录一- 25 - 附录二- 31 - 致谢- 36 -