机械5

多功能施肥机的设计 摘要 以前的农业机具大多都是单一作业，耕深不够，开沟、喂入秸秆和扶垄整垄需要三个行程才能完成，这不仅增加了作业成本和对土壤的压实，动力消耗也大。另外，在长期的生产实践中，农家肥的施用也是一个需要解决的问题。传统的农家肥一般是撒施在地表，然后通过旋耕或者犁耕作业将农家肥和土壤混合在一起。这样，劳动强度大，肥料的利用效果不理想。设计一种多功能施肥机包括：开沟器、施肥器、覆土板。开沟装置分为三种形式，即螺旋式、铣刀圆盘式和履带旋转开沟式。施肥装置分为液体注入式和挖掘施肥式两类。开沟装置首先要确定挖穴的方式，通过比较选择圆盘式，再通过设计计算来确定圆盘式转速和结构。施肥装置采用深耕式，在深施肥过程中采用外槽轮式排肥器将肥料排放到漏斗内，最后将挡板来开将肥料排入施肥穴。覆土装置是在机架后面悬挂倾斜的覆土板，通过机械的前移来将覆土板前面的土壤刮进施肥穴内。从而确定总体方案。然后对改变动力传输方向的锥齿轮进行计算说明校核，最后对两个齿轮轴和轴承进行校核说明。 关键词：开沟器；施肥器；铣刀圆盘；覆土板； Abstract The previous farmi
ng tools are mostly a si
ngle operatio
n, plow deep e
nough, ditchi
ng, feedi
ng straw a
nd form ridges
need three trip to complete, this
not o
nly i
ncreases the cost a
nd the soil's homework compactio
n, but also the power co
nsumptio
n is big. I
n additio
n, lo
ng-term productio
n practices, ma
nure applicatio
n is also a problem to be solved. Ge
nerally the traditio
nal farm ma
nure is broadcast i
n the surface, a
nd the
n the farm ma
nure a
nd soil mixed together through the spi
n tillage or the plough assig
nme
nts . So, Labor stre
ngth, the use of fertilizer effect is
not ideal.Desig
n a ki
nd of multifu
nctio
nal fertilizer applicatori
ncludes: Dig cave i
nstallatio
n , apply fertilizer to i
nstall , cover earth i
nstallatio
n. Dig cave i
nstallatio
n to divide i
nto 3 ki
nds of form, screw type, the disc type of milli
ng cutter a
nd caterpillar are revolvi
ng to ope
n ditch type. Apply fertilizer to i
nstall divide i
nto liquid spoo
n-fed with excavate to apply fertilizer type two ki
nds. Dig cave i
nstallatio
n the way that will first determi
ne to dig cave , through selecti
ng screw type fairly, determi
ne structure a
nd the rotatio
nal speed of spiral bit agai
n through desig
ni
ng calculatio
n. Apply fertilizer to i
nstall adopti
ng excavate to apply fertilizer type, i
n the deep course of applyi
ng fertilizer queue up fat ware with outside groove ship type will fertilizer emissio
n go to fu
n
nel , ope
n baffle fi
nally will fertilizer emit i
nto to apply fertilizer cave. Cover earth i
nstallatio
n is i
n frame back ha
ng a pair i
ncli
ne cover earth board, si
nce passi
ng through mecha
nical reach will cover the soil before earth board to scrape e
nter to apply fertilizer cave. So, determi
ne overall scheme. The
n for cha
ngi
ng power tra
nsmissio
n, the bevel gear of directio
n calculates expla
natio
n school
nucleus , checks
nuclear expla
natio
n fi
nally for two gear axle a
nd beari
ng. Key words:Ope
ner; Fertilizatio
n; Cutter disc; Casi
ng plate; 目录 前言1 1.国内外研究现状与发展趋势1 1.1国内研究现状1 1.2国外研究现状2 1.3发展趋势和方向2 2.设计目的意义3 3.多功能施肥机总体方案设计4 3.1．总体结构设计4 3.2工作原理5 4.动力源的选择5 5.开沟器的设计及计算5 5.1开沟器的设计5 5.2开沟机刀轴转速的选定6 5.3开沟器结构设计6 5.4开沟机的零件说明及其校核7 5.4.1开沟刀的选择7 5.4.2刀盘的尺寸确定8 5.5刀片的数目及其排列9 5.6.动力输出轴的设计及其校核9 5.6.1轴的尺寸设计9 5.7刀棍轴的强度校核12 5.8刀轴组合的设计14 5.9减速器的选定15 5.9.1锥齿轮传动的设计说明15 5.9.2接触强度校核16 5.9.3弯曲强度校核17 5.10带轮的参数18 5.11轴承的参数选择18 5.11.1轴承寿命计算18 5.12联轴器的选择19 6链传动的设计计算20 6.1传动链的计算20 6.2链轮的设计20 7.排肥结构选择设计22 7.1排肥机构设计22 7.2排肥轴的设计24 8.车厢横梁和纵梁的选取25 9.覆土装置的设计25 10.十字轴式万向联轴器如下图： 26 结论26 致谢28 参考文献30