40装载机桥壳减速器壳体加工工艺设计及铣专机设计
40 LOADER AXLE HOUSING REDUCER HOUSING PROCESS DESIGN AND MILLING MACHINE DESIGN
摘要
装载机在港口、铁路、水电、公路、矿山、建筑等建设工程中是一种常用的施工机械。减速器的工作原理是通过各级齿轮传动,将电机的高转速转变为工作需要的转速的装置。减速器壳体在工作中起到固定轴类零件的作用,对保证齿轮减速装置的运转精度和效率起着不可或缺的作用,对减速器的运转起着重要的作用。本文对40装载机减速器壳体的加工工艺进行了设计,根据零件图的要求,选择设计和定位基准,根据加工工艺的分配原则,合理拟定加工工序,确定各道工序的加工尺寸和切削用量,再对加工工序进行分析,遵循组合机床设计基本原则,设计专用铣床,以适应大批量生产,增大了壳体的生产率,优化壳体的加工工艺,提高壳体制造业的生产水平。
关键词装载机;减速器;壳体加工工艺;专用铣床;组合机床设计
Abstract
Loaders are commo
nly used co
nstructio
n machi
nery i
n co
nstructio
n projects such as ports, railways, hydroelectric, roads, mi
nes, a
nd co
nstructio
n. The worki
ng pri
nciple of the reducer is a device that tra
nsforms the high speed of the motor i
nto the speed required by the work through various levels of gear tra
nsmissio
n. The reducer housi
ng plays a role i
n fixi
ng the shaft parts duri
ng operatio
n, a
nd plays a key role i
n e
nsuri
ng the efficie
ncy a
nd accuracy of the shaft set, seali
ng a
nd lubricatio
n. Therefore, it is
necessary to improve the processi
ng tech
nology of the reducer housi
ng a
nd play a crucial role i
n the use of the reducer. This article has desig
ned the processi
ng tech
nology of the 40 loader reducer housi
ng, accordi
ng to the requireme
nts of the parts drawi
ng, selects the desig
n a
nd the positio
ni
ng refere
nce, accordi
ng to the distributio
n pri
nciple of the processi
ng tech
nology, reaso
nably draws the processi
ng procedure, determi
nes the processi
ng size a
nd the cutti
ng amou
nt of each procedure. , The
n a
nalyze the processi
ng process, follow the basic pri
nciples of modular machi
ne tool desig
n, desig
n a special milli
ng machi
ne to meet the mass productio
n, i
ncrease the productivity of the reducer shell a
nd the level of processi
ng tech
nology, a
nd promote the ma
nufacturi
ng progress of the reducer housi
ng ma
nufacturi
ng level. Key words loader; reducer shell machi
ni
ng process special milli
ng machi
ne modular machi
ne tool desig
n 目录 摘要I Abstract II 目录III 1绪论1 1.1课题的研究背景及意义1 1.2组合机床发展现状1 1.3本文主要研究内容2 2减速器箱体的结构和工艺性分析3 2.1箱体的结构性分析3 2.2箱体的毛坯种类3 2.3箱体的工艺性分析4 3铸造工艺设计5 3.1铸造工艺分析5 3.1.1零件图分析5 3.1.2零件的技术要求5 3.1.3铸件结构工艺性5 3.2铸造工艺方案的确定5 3.2.1铸造方法的确定5 3.2.2浇注位置的确定5 3.2.3分型面的选择6 3.3加工工艺参数6 3.3.1加工余量的确定6 3.3.2铸造圆角的确定8 3.3.3铸造收缩率8 3.4浇注系统的设计8 3.4.1浇注位置的确定8 3.4.2各个浇道截面积的计算8 4减速器壳体加工工艺设计10 4.1加工工艺的设计10 4.1.1设计原则10 4.1.2拟定加工工艺路线10 4.2选择定位基准10 4.2.1定位基准选择原则10 4.2.2表面加工方法的选择11 4.2.3加工阶段的划分11 4.2.4加工顺序安排11 4.3加工工艺路线的拟定12 4.4确定加工余量和工序尺寸12 4.4.1重要平面的加工余量及工序尺寸的确定12 4.4.2其他加工工序尺寸及加工余量13 4.4.3确定切削用量及时间定额14 5、机床夹具设计25 5.1分析原始资料25 5.2拟定夹具机构方案,绘制夹具结构草图26 5.2.1确定夹具类型26 5.2.2拟定定位以及夹紧方案26 5.3选择、设计定位装置的结构,确定主要尺寸并计算定位误差26 5.4选择、设计夹紧装置并验算夹紧力27 5.5确定对刀装置28 5.6确定其他装置结构、夹具体、并完成夹具总体设计29 5.7拟定夹具总图的主要技术要求29 6专用铣床的设计30 6.1组合机床的概述30 6.2组合机床设计的基本内容30 6.2.1被加工零件的工序分析30 6.2.2总体方案设计30 6.2.4组合机床设计——三图一卡设计32 6.2.5移动工作台的设计32 6.3零件分析32 6.4结构方案和定位方案的确定33 6.5选择定位基准原则和因注意的问题33 6.5.1设计基准要求33 6.5.2定位基准的要求33 6.5.3确定压板位置时应注意的问题34 6.6工艺分析34 6.6.1加工精度要求34 6.6.2被加工零件大小形状特点,加工部位特点要求34 6.7确定机床的配置型式34 6.8组合机床的切削用量35 6.8.1组合机床切削用量的选择特点35 6.8.2确定切削用量应注意的问题35 6.10组合机床总体方案设计35 6.10.1被加工零件的工序图35 6.10.2加工示意图36 6.10.3生产率计算卡36 6.10.4机床尺寸联系总图37 总结38 致谢39 参考文献40
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nly used co
nstructio
n machi
nery i
n co
nstructio
n projects such as ports, railways, hydroelectric, roads, mi
nes, a
nd co
nstructio
n. The worki
ng pri
nciple of the reducer is a device that tra
nsforms the high speed of the motor i
nto the speed required by the work through various levels of gear tra
nsmissio
n. The reducer housi
ng plays a role i
n fixi
ng the shaft parts duri
ng operatio
n, a
nd plays a key role i
n e
nsuri
ng the efficie
ncy a
nd accuracy of the shaft set, seali
ng a
nd lubricatio
n. Therefore, it is
necessary to improve the processi
ng tech
nology of the reducer housi
ng a
nd play a crucial role i
n the use of the reducer. This article has desig
ned the processi
ng tech
nology of the 40 loader reducer housi
ng, accordi
ng to the requireme
nts of the parts drawi
ng, selects the desig
n a
nd the positio
ni
ng refere
nce, accordi
ng to the distributio
n pri
nciple of the processi
ng tech
nology, reaso
nably draws the processi
ng procedure, determi
nes the processi
ng size a
nd the cutti
ng amou
nt of each procedure. , The
n a
nalyze the processi
ng process, follow the basic pri
nciples of modular machi
ne tool desig
n, desig
n a special milli
ng machi
ne to meet the mass productio
n, i
ncrease the productivity of the reducer shell a
nd the level of processi
ng tech
nology, a
nd promote the ma
nufacturi
ng progress of the reducer housi
ng ma
nufacturi
ng level. Key words loader; reducer shell machi
ni
ng process special milli
ng machi
ne modular machi
ne tool desig
n 目录 摘要I Abstract II 目录III 1绪论1 1.1课题的研究背景及意义1 1.2组合机床发展现状1 1.3本文主要研究内容2 2减速器箱体的结构和工艺性分析3 2.1箱体的结构性分析3 2.2箱体的毛坯种类3 2.3箱体的工艺性分析4 3铸造工艺设计5 3.1铸造工艺分析5 3.1.1零件图分析5 3.1.2零件的技术要求5 3.1.3铸件结构工艺性5 3.2铸造工艺方案的确定5 3.2.1铸造方法的确定5 3.2.2浇注位置的确定5 3.2.3分型面的选择6 3.3加工工艺参数6 3.3.1加工余量的确定6 3.3.2铸造圆角的确定8 3.3.3铸造收缩率8 3.4浇注系统的设计8 3.4.1浇注位置的确定8 3.4.2各个浇道截面积的计算8 4减速器壳体加工工艺设计10 4.1加工工艺的设计10 4.1.1设计原则10 4.1.2拟定加工工艺路线10 4.2选择定位基准10 4.2.1定位基准选择原则10 4.2.2表面加工方法的选择11 4.2.3加工阶段的划分11 4.2.4加工顺序安排11 4.3加工工艺路线的拟定12 4.4确定加工余量和工序尺寸12 4.4.1重要平面的加工余量及工序尺寸的确定12 4.4.2其他加工工序尺寸及加工余量13 4.4.3确定切削用量及时间定额14 5、机床夹具设计25 5.1分析原始资料25 5.2拟定夹具机构方案,绘制夹具结构草图26 5.2.1确定夹具类型26 5.2.2拟定定位以及夹紧方案26 5.3选择、设计定位装置的结构,确定主要尺寸并计算定位误差26 5.4选择、设计夹紧装置并验算夹紧力27 5.5确定对刀装置28 5.6确定其他装置结构、夹具体、并完成夹具总体设计29 5.7拟定夹具总图的主要技术要求29 6专用铣床的设计30 6.1组合机床的概述30 6.2组合机床设计的基本内容30 6.2.1被加工零件的工序分析30 6.2.2总体方案设计30 6.2.4组合机床设计——三图一卡设计32 6.2.5移动工作台的设计32 6.3零件分析32 6.4结构方案和定位方案的确定33 6.5选择定位基准原则和因注意的问题33 6.5.1设计基准要求33 6.5.2定位基准的要求33 6.5.3确定压板位置时应注意的问题34 6.6工艺分析34 6.6.1加工精度要求34 6.6.2被加工零件大小形状特点,加工部位特点要求34 6.7确定机床的配置型式34 6.8组合机床的切削用量35 6.8.1组合机床切削用量的选择特点35 6.8.2确定切削用量应注意的问题35 6.10组合机床总体方案设计35 6.10.1被加工零件的工序图35 6.10.2加工示意图36 6.10.3生产率计算卡36 6.10.4机床尺寸联系总图37 总结38 致谢39 参考文献40
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