机械5

摘要 花生联合收割机是一种能够同时完成花生的分扶蔓条，起耕、蔬果、碎土、输藤、精癣输果、收集等作业并获得比较清洁花生果实的机械。一般由捡拾器、螺旋进料器、割刀、筛子、清理风机、运输、传动、行走装置、粮箱和操纵机构等组成。花生联合收割机应该满足如下农业技术要求：整机的总损失一般不得超过谷粒总收获量的3%；谷粒清洗后的清洁率应高于96%以上；荚果破损率小于1%-2%。 齿轮箱是花生联合收割机的传动部件，它的作用是将手扶拖拉机柴油机的动力变向输送到荚藤器和水平输送到筛子，而荚藤器和筛子分别起到输送果蔓，清选荚果的作用，所以齿轮箱对分离和清选工作有很大的影响。 影响齿轮箱结构的三个最主要因素是： （1）机械设备的空间布置； （2）所需的输入和输出轴之间的传动比； （3）转矩（功率和转速的组合） 挂接机构是将东风-12手扶拖拉机和花生联合收割机相连接的部件，它起到了纽带作用，从而实现了花生联合收割机与手扶拖拉机的同步行走，保证了联合收获机作业的顺利完成。 铲高调节机构是调节挖掘铲高度的装置，它的主要组成部件有：固定板、卡盘、闸把杆、卡销、弹簧、卡销拉杆、捏手、把手等。铲高调节机构的技术要求为：捏手可移动距离为大于20mm，闸把杆可挑范围为75°。卡销拉杆的调节是通过捏手来完成的。首先，操作者通过把手和捏手来拉动卡销拉杆，压缩弹簧，从而拉动与卡销拉杆相连的拉杆。拉杆被拉到卡盘卡槽外后，闸把杆便可以任意调节其倾角，以达到预期角度。达到预期角度后，松开捏手，弹簧复位，从而拉回卡销拉杆，卡销进入预定卡槽，对闸把杆的调节工作便完成了。 关键词：花生；花生联合收获机；齿轮箱；挂接机构；铲高调节机构 ABSTRACT The pea
nut combi
ne is o
ne ki
nd ca
n simulta
neously complete pea
nut the mi
nute to hold the vi
ne strip、gets up ploughs、comb the fruit、thegarrulous earth、loses the ca
ne、fruit、collectio
n work a
nd so o
n selects,loses a
nd obtai
ns the quite clea
n pea
nut fruit the machi
nery. Ge
nerally by picks asce
ndi
ng, the screw feeder、the cutter、scree
n、clea
ns up the air blower、the tra
nsportatio
n、the tra
nsmissio
n、walks the i
nstallme
nt, the grai
n box, a
nd the co
ntrol mecha
nism a
nd so o
n is composed. The pea
nut combi
ne should satisfy the followi
ng agricultural tech
nology request: The e
ntire machi
ne total losses ge
nerally do
not have to surpass the ker
nel total harvest yield 3%; pure choose of sweep a rate should be above 96% i
n height; Pod fruit damagi
ng rate is smaller tha
n 1%-2%. The gear box is the pea
nut combi
ne tra
nsmissio
n part, its role is cha
nges the walki
ng tractor diesel e
ngi
ne power to tra
nsports to clamps the ratta
n ware a
nd the level tra
nsports scree
n, but clamps the ratta
n ware a
nd scree
n separately plays the tra
nsportatio
n fruit vi
ne, clear chooses the pod fruit the fu
nctio
n, therefore said the gear box to separates with clear chooses the work to have the very treme
ndous i
nflue
nce. The i
nflue
nce gear box structure three most primary factors are : (1)mecha
nical device spatial arra
ngeme
nt; (2)ra
nsmissio
n betwee
n the i
nput a
nd output shaft ratio (3)torque (power a
nd speed combi
natio
n) Hitch mecha
nism is will the east wi
nd-12 a
nd walki
ng tractor a
nd combi
ne pea
nuts co
n
nected compo
ne
nts, it had bo
nd effect, thus fulfilli
ng the pea
nuts combi
ned harvesters a
nd walki
ng tractor sy
nchro
nous walk, e
nsure the u
nited harvest machi
ne work successfully completed. Shovel high adjusti
ng mecha
nism is to adjust the height of the device diggi
ng shovel, its mai
n compo
ne
nts are: fixed board, chuck, brake stem, card pi
n, spri
ng, card pi
n bars, k
nead ha
nd, ha
ndles, etc. Shovel high adjusti
ng mecha
nism of tech
nical requireme
nts for: pi
nch ha
nd ca
n move dista
nce to more tha
n 20 mm, brake rod ca
n pick the scope for 75 °. Card pi
n bars of co
ntrol is through the pi
nch ha
nd to fi
nish. First of all, the operator through his ha
nds a
nd k
nead ha
nd to drive the card pi
n bars, compressio
n spri
ng, a
nd pull the lever a
nd card pi
n co
n
nected rods. Bars is pulled to chuck the card slot, brake a
nd the rod ca
n adjust arbitrarily the dip A
ngle, is expected to reach A
ngle. To achieve the expected after A
ngle, loose
n k
nead ha
nd, spri
ng retur
n, a
nd back to the card pi
n bars, card pi
n i
nto the reservatio
n card slot, the adjustme
nt of the stem of the work is complete. Key word: Pea
nuts; Pea
nuts u
nited harvest machi
ne; Gear box; Hitch mecha
nism; Shovel high adjusti
ng mecha
nism 目录 第一章花生收获机械的概况………………………………………1 1.1花生的生长形态及收获要求…………………………………………… 1 1.2国内外花生收获的概况……………………………………………………1 1.3花生收获机械的发展展望……………………………………………………2 第二章超精型联合收获机简介…………………………………… 3 2.1机具功能…………………………………………………………… 3 2.2机具工作过程及特点……………………………………………………… 3 2.3机具的主要技术指标……………………………………………………… 3 第三章配套动力及效率………………………………………………4 3.1配套动力选择……………………………………………………………… 4 3.2花生收获机的工作效率…………………………………………………… 4 第四章齿轮箱的设计…………………………………………………5 4.1齿轮箱中工作轴转速的确定……………………………………………… 5 4.2齿轮的设计 （1）直齿轮的设计……………………………………………………………5 （2）锥齿轮的设计……………………………………………………………10 4.3主要工作轴的校核…………………………………………………………13 第五章挂接装置与铲高调节机构设计…………………………… 15 结束语…………………………………………………………… 16 致谢……………………………………………………………… 17 附录：参考文献…………………………………………………… 18