机械5

5+1东方之子1.8L轿车手动变速箱设计 摘要 本设计的任务是设计一台用于轿车上的FR式的手动变速器。本设计采用中间轴式变速器，该变速器具有两个突出的优点：一是其直接档的传动效率高，磨损及噪声也最小；二是在齿轮中心距较小的情况下仍然可以获得较大的一档传动比。 根据轿车的外形、轮距、轴距、最小离地间隙、最小转弯半径、车辆重量、满载重量以及最高车速等参数结合自己选择的适合于该轿车的发动机型号可以得出发动机的最大功率、最大扭矩、排量等重要的参数。再结合某些轿车的基本参数，选择适当的主减速比。根据上述参数，再结合汽车设计、汽车理论、机械设计等相关知识，计算出相关的变速器参数并论证设计的合理性。 它功用是：①改变传动比，扩大驱动轮转矩和转速的变化范围，以适应经常变化的行驶条件，如起步、加速、上坡等，同时使发动机在有利的工况下工作；②在发动机旋转方向不变的前提下，使汽车能倒退行驶；③利用空档，中断动力传递，以使发动机能够起动、怠速，并便于发动机换档或进行动力输出。这台变速器具有五个前进档（包括一个超速档五档）和一个倒档，并通过锁环式同步器来实现换档。 关键词：变速器，锁环式同步器，传动比，中间轴，第二轴，齿轮 The desig
n of saloo
n gearbox ABSTRACT The duty of this desig
n is to desig
n a FR type ma
nual tra
nsmissio
n used i
n the saloo
n,It’s the cou
ntershaft-type tra
nsmissio
n gearbox.This tra
nsmissio
n has two promi
ne
nt merits: Firstly,the tra
nsmissio
n efficie
ncy of the direct drive keeps off high, the attritio
n a
nd the
noise are also slightest;Seco
ndly,it’s allowed to obtai
n i
n the biger gear ratio of the first gearwhe
n the ce
nter dista
nce is smaller. Accordi
ng to the co
ntour,track，wheel base，the smallest grou
nd cleara
nce,the smallest tur
ni
ng radium,thevehiclesweight, the all-upweight aswell as the highest speed a
nd so o
n, u
nio
n the choosi
ng e
ngi
ne modelwe ca
n obtai
n the importa
nt parameters of the max power,the max torque, the displaceme
nt a
nd so o
n. Accordi
ng to the basic parameters of the certai
n saloo
n,choose the suitable fi
nal drive ratio.Accordi
ng to the above parameters,combi
ni
ng the k
nowledge of automobile desig
n, automobile theory, machi
ne desig
n a
nd so o
n, calculate the correlated parameters of the gearbox a
nd proof the ratio
nality of the desig
n. Its fu
nctio
n is:①Cha
ngi
ng gear ratio,expa
ndi
ng the torque of the drivi
ngwheel a
nd the ra
nge of the rotatio
nal speed,to adapt the travel co
nditio
nwhich freque
ntly cha
nges, like start, acceleratio
n, climbi
ng a
nd so o
n, simulta
neously causes the e
ngi
ne towork u
nder the adva
ntageous operati
ng mode;②U
nder the premise of the i
nvariable rotatio
n, e
nables the automobile to travel back;③Usi
ng
neutral, severa
nces the power tra
nsmissio
n, to make the e
ngi
ne start, idle, a
nd is adva
ntageous for the e
ngi
ne to shift gears or to carry o
n the dy
namic output. This gearbox has five(i
ncludi
ng over drive—fifth gear) a
nd a reverse gear, a
nd through the i
nertial type of sy
nchro
nizer to realize shift gears. KeywordS：tra
nsmissio
n, i
nertial type of sy
nchro
nizer,gear ratio, cou
ntershaft,seco
nd axis, gear 目录 符号说明................................................... 1 前言....................................................... 3 第一章机械式变速器的概述及其方案的确定................. 6 1.1变速器的功用和要求............................... 6 1.2变速器结构方案的确定............................. 6 1.3变速器主要零件结构的方案分析.................... 12 第二章变速器主要参数的选择与主要零件的设计............ 15 2.1变速器主要参数的选择............................ 15 2.2各档传动比及其齿轮齿数的确定.................... 19 2.3齿轮变位系数的选择.............................. 21 第三章变速器齿轮的强度计算与材料的选择................ 22 3.1齿轮的损坏原因及形式............................ 22 3.2齿轮强度计算与校核.............................. 22 第四章变速器轴的强度计算与校核........................ 25 4.1变速器轴的结构和尺寸............................ 25 4.2轴的校核........................................ 27 第五章变速器同步器的设计.............................. 30 第六章变速器的操纵机构................................ 33 结论......................................................34 参考文献..................................................35 致谢......................................................36