摘要
近年来,随着社会的发展,楼层越来越高,使用玻璃幕墙的楼房也越来越多,避免清洗时一个很重要的问题,传统的方式多数为人工,或者是采用电缆从楼顶将机器人吊下,工作效率偏低,危险性高,于是清洗用爬壁机器人应运而生,本文的任务就是设计一种能够在壁面上吸附行走的清洗机器人。
本文在简单介绍清洗机器人的国内外研究现状的基础上,基于二维软件CAD对四轮式风压吸附清洗机器人的本体机构进行了设计,对一些关键部分进行了设计计算及校核计算,重点是爬壁机器人的移动结构、吸附结构和驱动系统的设计计算。
本文设计的清洗机器人采用四轮式小车形状结构,结构简单;采用风压吸附方式,利用螺旋桨对空气的压缩所产生的压力将机器人压在物体表面,避免了清晰机器人对壁面的局限,降低了控制难度;清洗机主要由伺服悬吊系统、清洗主机和由计算机控制系统组成;采用无人化清洗,自动清洗,自动供水,自动供清洗液,单片机系统控制,操作人员只需通过键盘即可操纵清洗机工作,而且在清洗过程中,清洗机能够自动进行边缘识别,可根据建筑楼层的具体情况选择为纵洗或横洗;采用后轮驱动,一个电机驱动两个后轮,后轮带动前轮完成机器人的行走,使用直齿圆柱齿轮传动装置作为减速器;采用楼顶供电;机器人可以在水平面或者垂直表面直线行走。本机的清洗效率较高,清洗效果良好。
关键词:清洗机器人;减速器设计;风压吸附;单片机控制;齿轮机构;电机控制;刷洗;
ABSTRACT
I
n rece
ntyears,with the developme
nt of society, more a
nd more floors,with glass curtai
nwall buildi
ng more a
nd more to avoid clea
ni
ng avery importa
nt issue, most of the traditio
nalway of artificial, or a cable from the top of the buildi
ngwill be used u
nder the robotic cra
ne, low efficie
ncy, high-risk, the
n clea
nedwith awall-climbi
ng robot came i
nto bei
ng, this task is to desig
n awalk o
n the adsorptio
n to thewall climbi
ng robot for clea
ni
ng. This paper brieflywall-climbi
ng robot based o
n the research status, based o
n 2D software, CAD, four-wheelvacuum o
nwall-climbi
ng robot body bodieswere desig
ned, carried out o
n some key satisfiedwith the desig
n calculatio
n a
nd checki
ng terms, focusi
ng o
n the mobile climbi
ng robot structure, adsorptio
n structure a
nd drive system desig
n a
nd calculatio
n. This desig
nedwall-climbi
ng robot carwith four-wheel-type shape of the structure, simple structure;By pressure adsorptio
n,robot usi
ng the pressure ge
nerated by the propeller o
n the compressed air pressure i
n the surface,avoidi
ng the clear limitatio
ns of the robot o
n thewall,reduci
ng the difficulty of co
ntrol;Washi
ng machi
ne is suspe
nded by a servo system, clea
ni
ng host a
nd co
nsists of computer co
ntrol system;The clea
ni
ng of the u
nma
n
ned, automatic clea
ni
ng, automaticwater supply for automaticwashi
ng liquid, si
ngle chip co
ntrol system, operati
ng o
nly through the keyboard to ma
nipulate thework of thewashi
ng machi
ne i
n the clea
ni
ng process, thewashi
ng machi
ne to automatic edge recog
nitio
n, accordi
ng tothe buildi
ng floorwash forvertical or horizo
ntalwash;Rear-wheel drive, a motor to drive the two rearwheels, rearwheel drive the fro
ntwheels to complete the robot towalk, use of the spur gear tra
nsmissio
n device as reducer;Roof supply; robotwalk a straight li
ne ca
n be horizo
ntal orvertical surface. The higher the clea
ni
ng efficie
ncy of the machi
ne a good clea
ni
ng effect. Keywords: Clea
ni
ng Robot;Reducer Desig
n;Pressure Adsorptio
n Mode;MCU Co
ntrol;Gear mecha
nism;Motor co
ntrol;Scrub; 目录 摘要………………………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ Abstract………………………………………………………………………………Ⅱ 第1章绪论………………………………………………………………………………1 1.1课题研究的目的和意义…………………………………………………………1 1.2课题研究现状及分析……………………………………………………………1 1.2.1国外壁面清洗机器人研究现状……………………………………………1 1.2.2国内壁面清洗机器人研究现状……………………………………………2 1.3高层建筑外墙清洗机发展趋势…………………………………………………4 1.4课题的研究设想…………………………………………………………………4 第2章清洗机器人总体方案设计…………………………………………………5 2.1对楼顶楼面的实际考察…………………………………………………………5 2.1.1楼面结构考察……………………………………………………………5 2.1.2楼顶的实际考察……………………………………………………………5 2.2清洗机器人的总体方案…………………………………………………………6 2.3清洗机器人清洗系统方案………………………………………………………7 2.4清洗机器人爬壁系统方案………………………………………………………8 2.5清洗机器人控制系统方案………………………………………………………8 2.5.1设计的基本原则……………………………………………………………8 2.5.2可供选择的设计方案………………………………………………………8 2.5.3方案的分析…………………………………………………………………8 2.6其它部分方案……………………………………………………………………9 2.6.1材料选择……………………………………………………………………9 2.6.2轮的润滑问题………………………………………………………………9 2.6.3轴承的润滑问题……………………………………………………………9 2.7本章小结…………………………………………………………………………9 第3章清洗机器人清洗系统设计…………………………………………………10 3.1清洗机器刷洗部分设计…………………………………………………………10 3.1.1盘刷设计……………………………………………………………………10 3.1.2滚刷设计……………………………………………………………………11 3.1.3刷洗部分所用弹簧的设计…………………………………………………11 3.2内空心轴设计……………………………………………………………………12 3.3清洗机主机滚轮的设计计算……………………………………………………13 3.4主机上传感器及行程开关的选择………………………………………………13 3.5复合缆的结构设计………………………………………………………………14 3.6本章小结…………………………………………………………………………14 第4章清洗机器人风压系统设计…………………………………………………15 4.1采用风压的意义…………………………………………………………………15 4.2基本原理…………………………………………………………………………15 4.3气动计算的原始数据与技术要求………………………………………………15 4.4风压部分力学计算………………………………………………………………16 4.5本章小结…………………………………………………………………………16 第5章清洗机器人主要零件设计…………………………………………………18 5.1直齿轮副的设计计算……………………………………………………………18 5.1.1齿轮的设计计算及强度校核………………………………………………18 5.1.2齿面接触疲劳强度计算…………………………………………………20 5.1.3齿根抗弯疲劳强度验算……………………………………………………21 5.1.4齿面静强度计算……………………………………………………………22 5.1.5齿根(抗弯)静强度验算…………………………………………………23 5.2锥齿轮副的设计计算……………………………………………………………24 5.2.1基础尺寸确定……………………………………………………………24 5.2.2确定载荷系数K…………………………………………………………25 5.2.3齿面接触疲劳强度计算…………………………………………………25 5.2.4齿根抗弯疲劳强度计算…………………………………………………26 5.3本章小结…………………………………………………………………………26 第6章清洗机器人控制系统设计…………………………………………………28 6.1控制部分的基本组成……………………………………………………………28 6.2控制部分工作原理………………………………………………………………29 6.3驱动部分工作原理………………………………………………………………30 6.4控制软件的实现…………………………………………………………………30 6.4.1主机+POD组合……………………………………………………………30 6.4.2双平台………………………………………………………………………31 6.5软件的结构………………………………………………………………………31 6.5.1软件的主体结构……………………………………………………………31 6.5.2软件功能模块的划分………………………………………………………31 6.6控制系统软件程序的实现………………………………………………………32 6.6.1伺服悬吊系统部分………………………………………………………32 6.6.2清洗机主机部分…………………………………………………………32 6.7本章小结…………………………………………………………………………33 结论………………………………………………………………………………………34 参考文献………………………………………………………………………………35 致谢………………………………………………………………………………………37 附录………………………………………………………………………………………38
展开...
n rece
ntyears,with the developme
nt of society, more a
nd more floors,with glass curtai
nwall buildi
ng more a
nd more to avoid clea
ni
ng avery importa
nt issue, most of the traditio
nalway of artificial, or a cable from the top of the buildi
ngwill be used u
nder the robotic cra
ne, low efficie
ncy, high-risk, the
n clea
nedwith awall-climbi
ng robot came i
nto bei
ng, this task is to desig
n awalk o
n the adsorptio
n to thewall climbi
ng robot for clea
ni
ng. This paper brieflywall-climbi
ng robot based o
n the research status, based o
n 2D software, CAD, four-wheelvacuum o
nwall-climbi
ng robot body bodieswere desig
ned, carried out o
n some key satisfiedwith the desig
n calculatio
n a
nd checki
ng terms, focusi
ng o
n the mobile climbi
ng robot structure, adsorptio
n structure a
nd drive system desig
n a
nd calculatio
n. This desig
nedwall-climbi
ng robot carwith four-wheel-type shape of the structure, simple structure;By pressure adsorptio
n,robot usi
ng the pressure ge
nerated by the propeller o
n the compressed air pressure i
n the surface,avoidi
ng the clear limitatio
ns of the robot o
n thewall,reduci
ng the difficulty of co
ntrol;Washi
ng machi
ne is suspe
nded by a servo system, clea
ni
ng host a
nd co
nsists of computer co
ntrol system;The clea
ni
ng of the u
nma
n
ned, automatic clea
ni
ng, automaticwater supply for automaticwashi
ng liquid, si
ngle chip co
ntrol system, operati
ng o
nly through the keyboard to ma
nipulate thework of thewashi
ng machi
ne i
n the clea
ni
ng process, thewashi
ng machi
ne to automatic edge recog
nitio
n, accordi
ng tothe buildi
ng floorwash forvertical or horizo
ntalwash;Rear-wheel drive, a motor to drive the two rearwheels, rearwheel drive the fro
ntwheels to complete the robot towalk, use of the spur gear tra
nsmissio
n device as reducer;Roof supply; robotwalk a straight li
ne ca
n be horizo
ntal orvertical surface. The higher the clea
ni
ng efficie
ncy of the machi
ne a good clea
ni
ng effect. Keywords: Clea
ni
ng Robot;Reducer Desig
n;Pressure Adsorptio
n Mode;MCU Co
ntrol;Gear mecha
nism;Motor co
ntrol;Scrub; 目录 摘要………………………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ Abstract………………………………………………………………………………Ⅱ 第1章绪论………………………………………………………………………………1 1.1课题研究的目的和意义…………………………………………………………1 1.2课题研究现状及分析……………………………………………………………1 1.2.1国外壁面清洗机器人研究现状……………………………………………1 1.2.2国内壁面清洗机器人研究现状……………………………………………2 1.3高层建筑外墙清洗机发展趋势…………………………………………………4 1.4课题的研究设想…………………………………………………………………4 第2章清洗机器人总体方案设计…………………………………………………5 2.1对楼顶楼面的实际考察…………………………………………………………5 2.1.1楼面结构考察……………………………………………………………5 2.1.2楼顶的实际考察……………………………………………………………5 2.2清洗机器人的总体方案…………………………………………………………6 2.3清洗机器人清洗系统方案………………………………………………………7 2.4清洗机器人爬壁系统方案………………………………………………………8 2.5清洗机器人控制系统方案………………………………………………………8 2.5.1设计的基本原则……………………………………………………………8 2.5.2可供选择的设计方案………………………………………………………8 2.5.3方案的分析…………………………………………………………………8 2.6其它部分方案……………………………………………………………………9 2.6.1材料选择……………………………………………………………………9 2.6.2轮的润滑问题………………………………………………………………9 2.6.3轴承的润滑问题……………………………………………………………9 2.7本章小结…………………………………………………………………………9 第3章清洗机器人清洗系统设计…………………………………………………10 3.1清洗机器刷洗部分设计…………………………………………………………10 3.1.1盘刷设计……………………………………………………………………10 3.1.2滚刷设计……………………………………………………………………11 3.1.3刷洗部分所用弹簧的设计…………………………………………………11 3.2内空心轴设计……………………………………………………………………12 3.3清洗机主机滚轮的设计计算……………………………………………………13 3.4主机上传感器及行程开关的选择………………………………………………13 3.5复合缆的结构设计………………………………………………………………14 3.6本章小结…………………………………………………………………………14 第4章清洗机器人风压系统设计…………………………………………………15 4.1采用风压的意义…………………………………………………………………15 4.2基本原理…………………………………………………………………………15 4.3气动计算的原始数据与技术要求………………………………………………15 4.4风压部分力学计算………………………………………………………………16 4.5本章小结…………………………………………………………………………16 第5章清洗机器人主要零件设计…………………………………………………18 5.1直齿轮副的设计计算……………………………………………………………18 5.1.1齿轮的设计计算及强度校核………………………………………………18 5.1.2齿面接触疲劳强度计算…………………………………………………20 5.1.3齿根抗弯疲劳强度验算……………………………………………………21 5.1.4齿面静强度计算……………………………………………………………22 5.1.5齿根(抗弯)静强度验算…………………………………………………23 5.2锥齿轮副的设计计算……………………………………………………………24 5.2.1基础尺寸确定……………………………………………………………24 5.2.2确定载荷系数K…………………………………………………………25 5.2.3齿面接触疲劳强度计算…………………………………………………25 5.2.4齿根抗弯疲劳强度计算…………………………………………………26 5.3本章小结…………………………………………………………………………26 第6章清洗机器人控制系统设计…………………………………………………28 6.1控制部分的基本组成……………………………………………………………28 6.2控制部分工作原理………………………………………………………………29 6.3驱动部分工作原理………………………………………………………………30 6.4控制软件的实现…………………………………………………………………30 6.4.1主机+POD组合……………………………………………………………30 6.4.2双平台………………………………………………………………………31 6.5软件的结构………………………………………………………………………31 6.5.1软件的主体结构……………………………………………………………31 6.5.2软件功能模块的划分………………………………………………………31 6.6控制系统软件程序的实现………………………………………………………32 6.6.1伺服悬吊系统部分………………………………………………………32 6.6.2清洗机主机部分…………………………………………………………32 6.7本章小结…………………………………………………………………………33 结论………………………………………………………………………………………34 参考文献………………………………………………………………………………35 致谢………………………………………………………………………………………37 附录………………………………………………………………………………………38
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