重型载货汽车驾驶室结构及其优化设计
摘要
载重汽车驾驶室是汽车非常关键的部件,其设计质量的高低将关系到载重汽车的安全性、振动、噪声等动态性能参数,进行载重汽车驾驶室的结构设计及其动态性能的分析具有重要的社会意义及经济价值。
随着我国载重汽车向国际化市场的不断推进,竞争将日趋激烈,对于其性能的要求不再局限于动力性、载重性方面,而将朝着低噪声、舒适性的方向发展,为了降低噪声和减少振动,就必须去全面深刻的了解驾驶室的动态特性。本文通过有限元分析的方法对驾驶室的动态特性进行了初步的研究,首先应用三维软件建立了该驾驶室的CAD模型,然后将其导入Hyper Mesh中,分别进行前处理和划分网格,将生成好的有限元模型输入到ANSYS中计算。
通过调研和查阅相关文献,了解了载重汽车驾驶室的结构设计与动态性能的分析方法,通过Proe等三维软件建立三维模型,利用有限元分析方法分析对驾驶室进行动态性能分析,确定在给强度、刚度、振动模态等性能指标。通过分析对比不同结构形式的载重汽车驾驶室,选择出综合性能指标最合适的载重汽车驾驶室的结构。
设计从计算尺寸到出图的这个过程,都是在先进的计算机软件平台上来完成的。此外如今越来越发达的网络平台也为设计提供了数据、模型等方面的资料。同时在考虑到载重汽车驾驶室在工程应用上的参数的时候,能够更好的满足现在越来越先进的工程机械行业的要求,这样才能更好的体现本设计的先进性以及人与机械和谐化的要求,同时在Proe等先进软件的辅助下,充分体现了设计的严谨和缜密性,这样也就能够更好的达到设计的目的。
关键词:载重汽车驾驶室;有限元分析;动态性能分析
Abstract
The truck cab is the key compo
ne
nts of the car, the desig
n quality of high a
nd low i
n relatio
n to the safety of trucks a
ndvibratio
n a
nd
noise dy
namic performa
nce parameters, the structure desig
n a
nd dy
namic performa
nce a
nalysis of the truck cab has importa
nt eco
nomicvalue a
nd social sig
nifica
nce. With the overloaded car the adva
nceme
nt of the i
nter
natio
nal market, competitio
n is i
ncreasi
ngly fierce, its performa
nce requireme
nts are
no lo
nger limited to the load, the dy
namic aspect,but towards the directio
n of comfort, low
noise, a
nd to reducevibratio
n a
nd
noise,we must fully u
ndersta
nd the dy
namic characteristics of the cab. I
n this paper, the fi
nite eleme
nt method for dy
namic characteristics of the cab a
nd i
nterior sou
nd field, the first applicatio
n of 3D software to build the cab model, import Hyper Mesh pre-processi
ng a
nd meshi
ngwill ge
nerate a limited eleme
nt model i
nput i
n ANSYS calculatio
ns. Through research a
nd releva
nt literature, grasp the master truck cab structural desig
n a
nd dy
namic performa
nce a
nalysis methods. By the 3D software of Proe to create three-dime
nsio
nal model, usi
ng fi
nite eleme
nt a
nalysis method for dy
namic performa
nce a
nalysis to determi
ne the performa
nce i
ndicators i
n stiff
ness, stre
ngth,vibratio
n modes o
n the cab. Select the optimal comprehe
nsive performa
nce truck cab structure through a
nalysis a
nd compariso
n of the differe
nt structural forms of the truck cab. Desig
n diagram of the process from the surveyi
ng a
nd mappi
ng, are i
n adva
nced computer software platform. At the same time is becomi
ng i
ncreasi
nglywell-developed
network platform provide a model for the desig
n, data a
nd other aspects of refere
nce.We also take i
nto accou
nt the compactors cab o
n the project meet the co
nstructio
n machi
nery i
ndustry developed the requireme
nts, so as to reflect the desig
n of adva
nced, a
nd the machi
nery of the requireme
nts of harmo
ny,while i
n UG a
nd other adva
nced software support, the desig
n embodies the strict a
nd careful, thiswill achieve the sig
nifica
nce of the desig
n. Keywords: Heavy truck cab; Fi
nite Eleme
nt A
nalysis; Dy
namic Performa
nce A
nalysis 目录 引言1 1载重汽车驾驶室的结构及其优化设计1 1.1载重汽车驾驶室的结构组成1 1.2不同结构形式的载重驾驶室1 1.2.1悬置装置不同的分类1 1.2.2国内载重汽车驾驶室的结构对比2 1.2.3货车驾驶室的分类4 1.3载重汽车驾驶室优化设计4 1.3.1载重汽车驾驶室优化设计简介4 1.3.2驾驶室重量及重心坐标测量5 1.3.3减振器及前后弹簧参数改进5 1.3.4后支撑横梁的结构问题及其优化措施6 1.3.5总结8 2驾驶室CAD模型的建立8 2.1驾驶室建模主要的思想8 2.2驾驶室建模的简化8 2.3驾驶室CAD模型9 3驾驶室CAE模型的建立11 3.1有限元分析理论基础11 3.1.1有限元分析基本原理11 3.1.2 Hyper Mesh、ANSYS软件介绍11 3.2驾驶室有限元分析模型的建立12 4载重汽车驾驶室动态性能分析14 4.1载重汽车驾驶结构静力学分析14 4.2载重汽车驾驶室的结构模态分析15 4.2.1驾驶室模态计算15 4.2.2驾驶室模态有限元分析16 4.2.3驾驶室模态优化设计19 5载重汽车驾驶室振动及其响应分析21 5.1驾驶室壁板厚度变化21 5.2驾驶室的声固耦合的作用22 5.3驾驶室振动及其响应分析小结25 6载重汽车驾驶室设计技术现状25 6.1先进的驾驶室产品特征25 6.2先进的造型设计技术25 6.3先进的工程设计技术26 6.4先进的设计理念—并行工程(CE—Co
ncurre
nt E
ngi
neeri
ng) 28 6.4.1开发流程的并行28 6.4.2设计方案的并行29 6.4.3项目团队的协同工作29 7总结30 谢辞31 参考文献32
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ne
nts of the car, the desig
n quality of high a
nd low i
n relatio
n to the safety of trucks a
ndvibratio
n a
nd
noise dy
namic performa
nce parameters, the structure desig
n a
nd dy
namic performa
nce a
nalysis of the truck cab has importa
nt eco
nomicvalue a
nd social sig
nifica
nce. With the overloaded car the adva
nceme
nt of the i
nter
natio
nal market, competitio
n is i
ncreasi
ngly fierce, its performa
nce requireme
nts are
no lo
nger limited to the load, the dy
namic aspect,but towards the directio
n of comfort, low
noise, a
nd to reducevibratio
n a
nd
noise,we must fully u
ndersta
nd the dy
namic characteristics of the cab. I
n this paper, the fi
nite eleme
nt method for dy
namic characteristics of the cab a
nd i
nterior sou
nd field, the first applicatio
n of 3D software to build the cab model, import Hyper Mesh pre-processi
ng a
nd meshi
ngwill ge
nerate a limited eleme
nt model i
nput i
n ANSYS calculatio
ns. Through research a
nd releva
nt literature, grasp the master truck cab structural desig
n a
nd dy
namic performa
nce a
nalysis methods. By the 3D software of Proe to create three-dime
nsio
nal model, usi
ng fi
nite eleme
nt a
nalysis method for dy
namic performa
nce a
nalysis to determi
ne the performa
nce i
ndicators i
n stiff
ness, stre
ngth,vibratio
n modes o
n the cab. Select the optimal comprehe
nsive performa
nce truck cab structure through a
nalysis a
nd compariso
n of the differe
nt structural forms of the truck cab. Desig
n diagram of the process from the surveyi
ng a
nd mappi
ng, are i
n adva
nced computer software platform. At the same time is becomi
ng i
ncreasi
nglywell-developed
network platform provide a model for the desig
n, data a
nd other aspects of refere
nce.We also take i
nto accou
nt the compactors cab o
n the project meet the co
nstructio
n machi
nery i
ndustry developed the requireme
nts, so as to reflect the desig
n of adva
nced, a
nd the machi
nery of the requireme
nts of harmo
ny,while i
n UG a
nd other adva
nced software support, the desig
n embodies the strict a
nd careful, thiswill achieve the sig
nifica
nce of the desig
n. Keywords: Heavy truck cab; Fi
nite Eleme
nt A
nalysis; Dy
namic Performa
nce A
nalysis 目录 引言1 1载重汽车驾驶室的结构及其优化设计1 1.1载重汽车驾驶室的结构组成1 1.2不同结构形式的载重驾驶室1 1.2.1悬置装置不同的分类1 1.2.2国内载重汽车驾驶室的结构对比2 1.2.3货车驾驶室的分类4 1.3载重汽车驾驶室优化设计4 1.3.1载重汽车驾驶室优化设计简介4 1.3.2驾驶室重量及重心坐标测量5 1.3.3减振器及前后弹簧参数改进5 1.3.4后支撑横梁的结构问题及其优化措施6 1.3.5总结8 2驾驶室CAD模型的建立8 2.1驾驶室建模主要的思想8 2.2驾驶室建模的简化8 2.3驾驶室CAD模型9 3驾驶室CAE模型的建立11 3.1有限元分析理论基础11 3.1.1有限元分析基本原理11 3.1.2 Hyper Mesh、ANSYS软件介绍11 3.2驾驶室有限元分析模型的建立12 4载重汽车驾驶室动态性能分析14 4.1载重汽车驾驶结构静力学分析14 4.2载重汽车驾驶室的结构模态分析15 4.2.1驾驶室模态计算15 4.2.2驾驶室模态有限元分析16 4.2.3驾驶室模态优化设计19 5载重汽车驾驶室振动及其响应分析21 5.1驾驶室壁板厚度变化21 5.2驾驶室的声固耦合的作用22 5.3驾驶室振动及其响应分析小结25 6载重汽车驾驶室设计技术现状25 6.1先进的驾驶室产品特征25 6.2先进的造型设计技术25 6.3先进的工程设计技术26 6.4先进的设计理念—并行工程(CE—Co
ncurre
nt E
ngi
neeri
ng) 28 6.4.1开发流程的并行28 6.4.2设计方案的并行29 6.4.3项目团队的协同工作29 7总结30 谢辞31 参考文献32
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