机械5

用普通LED灯做传感器及数据传输的方法研究 摘要 随着科技技术日新月异的发展，无线技术，例如红外和蓝牙，越来越得到人们的重视，在各个领域都有广泛应用。但由于成本的问题不能得到很好的普及。随之，一种新型的传输方式诞生了——利用普通LED用于数据传输。 本设计主要要求实现LED用作传感器和数据传输方法的设计，在深入研究LED发光特性后，经过比较，决定利用红色高亮LED和ATMEGA16单片机来实现数据传输，利用ATMEGA8单片机和透明高亮LED来实现触摸键功能。数据传输系统是基于ATMEGA16单片机来进行设计的，主要包括PC机连接模块、主控制器模块、数据发射模块、数据接收模块及一些辅助电路等。设计时PC机和单片机之间进行串口通信，利用ATMEGA16单片机的ADC端口连接红色高亮LED实现数据的按位传输。数据传输原理在本质上和8-N-1 RS232是相似的，0和1代码是根据调制后的光脉冲宽度来传递的。经过调试，可实现大约5厘米之间的数据准确通讯。LED正向偏置和反向偏置后，根据半导体的特性，光线越强，内阻越小，内阻越小，放电越快，以此LED可感应周围环境光照强度，从而实现触摸键功能。 由于普通LED灯在生活中被广泛运用，所以可以解决人们生活中因缺乏数据传输设备带来的不便，如果完善了逻辑后，还可以应用于路灯自动开关，智能楼宇等场合。 关键字：串口；普通高亮LED；ATMEGA16单片机；ATMEGA8单片机 Abstract With the rapid developme
nt of scie
nce a
nd tech
nology，more a
nd more people pay atte
ntio
n to thewireless tech
nology. Thewireless tech
nology are usedwidely i
nvarious fields,such as IrDA a
nd Blue tooth.But due to cost problem,it ca
n
not get good popularity.The
n a
new ki
nd of tech
nology is bor
n---- commo
n LED used for data tra
nsmissio
n. The desig
n mai
nly requires to realize the method of LED used for se
nsors a
nd data tra
nsmissio
n.After the deep research of LED characteristics, I decide to use ATMEGA16 SCM a
nd red high-light LED for data tra
nsmissio
n.Besides, I determi
ne to use ATMEGA8 SCM a
nd tra
nspare
nt high-light LED for touch key.The data tra
nsmissio
n system is desig
ned based o
n ATMEGA16. It mai
nly i
ncludes PC co
n
nected module, the mai
n co
ntroller module, data lau
nch module, data receivi
ng module a
nd a few auxiliary circuit a
nd so o
n.Whe
n desig
ni
ng, serial i
nterface is used to co
n
nect the computer a
nd SCM.To realize data tra
nsmissio
n,the ADC port of ATMEGA16 should be co
n
nectedwith red high-light LED.The pri
nciple of data tra
nsmissio
n is esse
ntially highly similar to 8-N-1 RS232.A
nd MARK a
nd SPACE symbols are se
nt as pulse-width-modulated light pulses i
nstead of asvoltage levels. After commissio
ni
ng, the dista
nce of data tra
nsmissio
n ca
n reach approximately 5cm.What’s more the data tra
nsmissio
n is quite accurate i
n this dista
nce.Due to the characteristics of semico
nductor, the stro
nger light, the smaller resista
nce.While the smaller resista
nce, the faster discharge.After positive bias a
nd reverse bias, LED ca
n be used for light se
nsor.a
nd it ca
n be i
nduced by surrou
ndi
ng light i
nte
nsity.Sowe ca
n realise the fu
nctio
n of touch key i
n thisway. Si
nce the commo
n LED iswidely used i
n life, sowe ca
n solve the problem that people lack of data tra
nsmissio
n equipme
nt.It is so co
nve
nie
nt for us.If the logic ca
n be more perfect, LED ca
n also used i
n automatic switch, i
ntellige
nt buildi
ng lamp a
nd so o
n. Keywords: serial i
nterface;commo
n high-light LED;ATMEGA16 SCM;ATMEGA8 SCM 目录 引言1 1.绪论1 1.1课题背景和意义1 1.2研究内容2 2.系统总体方案设计2 2.1 LED的理论基础2 2.1.1LED的工作原理2 2.1.2LED的优点3 2.1.3LED的基本特性3 2.1.4LED的调光控制4 2.2 LED感应原理和方案的选择5 2.3数据传输方案设计6 2.4触摸键方案设计6 3.硬件电路设计7 3.1数据传输方案硬件电路设计7 3.1.1单片机控制系统设计（ATMEGA16） 7 3.1.2串口连接电路设计14 3.2触摸键方案硬件电路设计（ATMEGA8） 16 4.系统程序设计23 4.1软件设计思想23 4.2数据传输系统程序设计23 4.2.1LED数据传输原理23 4.2.2通信协议测试23 4.2.3详细程序方框图25 4.3触摸键功能系统程序设计27 5.电路板制作和调试28 5.1电路原理图的绘制28 5.2元件的选用和电路板的焊制28 5.3电路板调试28 6.结论29 谢辞30 参考文献31 附录32