机械5

煤气超标自动开窗器的设计 摘要 随着人民生活质量的日益提高，管道煤气和罐装液化石油气已进入寻常百姓人家，但由于煤气泄漏对于日常生活具有巨大的危害性，怎样防止煤气中毒与爆炸已成为人们的迫切需要，为此我们开发研制了煤气超标自动报警开窗器。 本次设计的任务是设计一个能够实时监测煤气超标以及能够作出应急处理的机电一体化系统，涉及到结构设计、三维造型、电机控制、传感器技术等内容。本系统以AT89S52单片机为核心，论述了基于测控技术的煤气超标监测报警装置的软硬件的设计与实现。本文中重点阐述了煤气传感器信号采集调理电路与开窗电机控制电路的设计。本系统具有现场煤气浓度动态显示、报警限设定、声音报警功能。在监测到煤气浓度超标时，蜂鸣器发出报警声，报警一分钟后如果没有人来到现场进行处理，系统将会自动关闭煤气管道阀门、开启排风扇，还可以驱动电机将窗户打开，进行燃气的排放。另外，系统的软件设计中编写了一个手动模式的程序，如果在煤气不超标的情况下，用户想要将窗户打开或者关闭，可以通过控制电路板上的按钮来控制电机将窗户打开或者关闭。 在机械方面，使用三维软件Pro/E画出了自动开窗器的结构模型，并对不同的结构方案进行比较，选择出最优的设计方案，保证能够实现预定的功能。此外，为了满足监控的需求，在系统中增加了通信接口，实现了网络监控功能，这部分超出了设计任务书规定的任务。 关键词：煤气超标；浓度检测；开窗；A/D转换；单片机控制 Abstract With the i
ncreasi
ng quality of life, the pipeli
ne gas a
nd liquefied petroleum gas cyli
nders have e
ntered ordi
nary people’s home, but a gas leak for the daily life is of a great da
nger, so how to preve
nt gas poiso
ni
ng a
nd explosio
ns have become the people's urge
nt
need, because of thiswe have developed a exceedi
ng sta
ndard gas automatic alarmwi
ndow. The task of this graduatio
n project is to desig
n a mecha
nics a
nd electrics systemwhich ca
n mo
nitor the exceedi
ng sta
ndard gas i
n the real-timeway a
nd ca
n carry out emerge
ncy treatme
nt. It i
nvolves structural desig
n, 3D modeli
ng, motor co
ntrol, se
nsor tech
nology, a
nd other co
nte
nt. The system proposes the AT89S52 SCM as the core,which illustrates the desig
n a
nd realizatio
n of the exceedi
ng sta
ndard gas automatic alarm device’s hardware a
nd software based o
n the mo
nitori
ng a
nd co
ntrol tech
nologies. This paper focuses o
n the gas se
nsor sig
nal acquisitio
n a
nd processi
ng circuit a
nd the desig
n of thewi
ndow ope
ni
ng co
ntrol motor circuit. This system has such fu
nctio
ns as the co
nce
ntratio
n of gas at the sce
newhich is dy
namic display, alarm limit set, a
nd sou
nd alarm. Whe
n mo
nitori
ng the gas is exceedi
ng the sta
ndard, the system issued awar
ni
ng buzzer sou
nd, if
no o
ne came to the sce
ne to dealwith the problem o
ne mi
nute after the alarm, the systemwill automatically shut dow
n gasvalve, ope
n row fa
n, a
nd drive the motor to ope
n thewi
ndows,let the gas emissio
n. I
n additio
n, i
n the system's software desig
n there is a ma
nual mode, i
n case that the gas is
not exceedi
ng the sta
ndard a
nd the userswa
nt to ope
n or close thewi
ndow,you ca
n achieve this through co
ntrol the butto
n o
n the board. I
n respectwith the mecha
nical,we use the three-dime
nsio
nal software Pro/E to draw the structure of the automaticwi
ndow model a
nd make compariso
n amo
ng differe
nt programmes, the
n select the best desig
nwhich is sure to achieve the i
nte
nded fu
nctio
n. Furthermore, i
n order to meet the
needs of mo
nitori
ng,we i
ncrease the commu
nicatio
n i
nterface i
n the systemwhich realizes the
network mo
nitori
ng capabilities. This part is beyo
nd the desig
n of the ma
ndate provided. Keywords: exceedi
ng sta
ndard gas; co
nce
ntratio
n detectio
n; ope
nwi
ndow; A/D co
nverter; SCM Co
ntrol 目录 引言1 1绪论2 1.1课题背景2 1.2课题研究的目的及意义3 1.3系统设计的主要任务3 2煤气超标自动开窗器的开窗结构设计........ 4 2.1目前市场上同类产品的市场调研4 2.2电动式推拉窗开窗机构的方案设计6 2.3本章小结8 3硬件电路系统设计概述8 3.1控制系统设计的主要原理8 3.2硬件电路系统的方案设计及比较10 3.3硬件电路系统的方案选择12 4系统硬件电路设计13 4.1微控制器的选型和AT89S52芯片介绍13 4.1.1微控制器的选型13 4.1.2 AT89S52单片机简介14 4.1.3 AT89S52单片机引脚功能介绍15 4.2煤气浓度检测电路设计17 4.2.1气体传感器原理与选型17 4.2.2 MQ-5型煤气传感器介绍21 4.2.3 MQ-6型液化石油气传感器介绍23 4.2.4气体传感器接口电路设计26 4.3 ADC0832模数转换接口电路设计26 4.3.1 AD转换芯片的比较与选型26 4.3.2 ADC0832模数转换芯片介绍28 4.3.3 ADC0832模数转换电路设计31 4.4 LED数码管显示电路设计31 4.4.1 LED数码管的结构和工作原理31 4.4.2 LED数码管显示电路设计32 4.5直流稳压电源电路设计33 4.6限位开关和报警电路设计35 4.7应急处理电路设计36 4.7.1直流电机控制电路设计36 4.7.2煤气阀门控制电路设计38 4.7.3排气扇控制电路设计38 4.8单片机串口通讯电路设计39 4.8.1串行通讯的基本知识39 4.8.2 RS-232串口通讯标准介绍41 4.8.3单片机串口通讯电路设计42 4.9本章小结44 5软件系统设计44 5.1软件系统设计概述44 5.2手动模式程序设计44 5.3数据AD转换程序设计45 5.4报警中断程序设计48 5.5显示模块、串口通讯模块程序设计49 6硬件电路板的制作及调试50 6.1硬件电路板的制作50 6.2硬件电路板的调试52 6.3软件调试53 7设计总结53 谢辞55 参考文献56 附录57 附录1 57 附录2 58 附录3 58 附录4 57