摘要 本课题研究的目的主要部分是针对给定的筛板塔的设计要求，通过查阅资料、分析设计条件，根据一些基本计算来确定筛板塔的结构及工艺。 本次设计时要考虑实际要求，遵循塔设备的设计原则，要经历需求分析、目标界定、总体结构设计、零部件结构设计、参数设计和设计实施这几个过程。在这个不断决策的过程中，应当结合多方面考虑，使方案更加合理与准确，最终确定的设计方案就越理想。设备设计最终必须综合平衡产品性能、成本和环境这三个方面的要求。通过分析筛板塔的设计条件，确定零部件的设计加工步骤。完成对筛板塔的塔体、内件、群座、封头、筒体及附件等部件的材料选择、壁厚计算和强度校核。绘制符合要求的筛板塔的图纸，给出相关的技术要求。 在筛板塔的结构设计过程中，要参考相关的标准要求进行设计，使设计能够符合相关标准。同时要使设计的结构要求满足生产的需要，达到安全生产的要求。 关键词：筛板塔；塔盘；设计；强度 ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is the mai
n part for a give
n desig
n requireme
nts of sieve plate tower, through the check data, a
nalysis, desig
n co
nditio
ns, accordi
ng to some basic calculatio
n to determi
ne the structure a
nd tech
nology of the sieve plate tower. The purpose of this research is the mai
n part for a give
n desig
n requireme
nts of sieve plate tower, through the check data, a
nalysis, desig
n co
nditio
ns, accordi
ng to some basic calculatio
n to determi
ne the structure a
nd tech
nology of the sieve plate towerpletio
n of sieve plate tower, tower i
nter
nals, group, head, cyli
nder parts a
nd accessories, such as selectio
n of materials,wall thick
ness calculatio
n a
nd stre
ngth check. Sieve plate tower drawi
ng to meet the requireme
nts of the drawi
ngs a
nd releva
nt tech
nical requireme
nts. I
n the process of the structural desig
n of the sieve plate tower, to refer to the requireme
nt of sta
ndard desig
n, make a desig
n to complywith releva
nt sta
ndards. At the same time to make the structure of the desig
n requireme
nts to meet the
needs of the productio
n, to achieve the requireme
nt of the safety i
n productio
n. Keywords: sieve plate tower; Tray; Desig
n; The i
nte
nsity of 目录 1.绪论..............................................................1 1.1塔设备概述.....................................................1 1.1.1塔设备概述.................................................1 1.1.2对塔设备的要求.............................................1 1.2板式塔.........................................................2 1.3常压塔的主要结构..............................................3 1.4原油的分馏.....................................................3 1.5设计任务和思想.................................................4 1.5.1设计任务....................................................4 1.5.2设计思想....................................................4 2.筛板塔的主体结构设计..............................................5 2.1筛板塔的结构...................................................5 2.2.塔高的确定....................................................5 2.3封头的结构设计.................................................6 2.4裙座的结构设计.................................................7 2.5塔盘的结构设计...............................................9 2.6塔盘板.......................................................9 2.7筛板的结构尺寸................................................11 2.8其它零部件的设计..............................................12 2.8.1降液管及受液盘.............................................12 2.8.2人孔、手孔.................................................12 2.8.3接管.......................................................13 2.9管法兰........................................................13 2.10吊柱........................................................14 2.11操作平台与梯子..............................................16 2.12保温层......................................................16 3.精馏塔设备强度和稳定性计算......................................17 3.1材料的选择...................................................17 3.1.1筒体和封头材料的选择......................................17 3.1.2裙座材料的选择............................................17 3.1.3接管的材料................................................17 3.2厚度计算.....................................................17 3.2.1厚度计算过程步骤..........................................17 3.2.2厚度计算..................................................18 3.3设备质量载荷计算..............................................19 3.3.1塔体圆筒、封头、裙座质量...................................19 3.3.2操作时的物料质量...........................................20 3.3.3附件质量...................................................20 3.3.4冲水质量...................................................20 3.3.5偏心质量...................................................20 3.3.6风载荷计算.................................................20 3.3.7地震载荷计算.............................................23 3.3.8最大弯矩计算...............................................24 4.塔体和裙座危险截面的强度和稳定性校核.............................25 4.1塔设备的拉应力校核............................................25 4.2塔体液压试验的应力校核........................................26 4.3吊装时的应力校核..............................................27 4.4裙座的验算...................................................27 4.4.1座体.....................................................27 4.4.2基础环...................................................29 4.4.3地脚螺栓.................................................30 4.5裙座与塔体对接焊缝的验算.....................................31 5.筛板塔的制造、运输及其要求.......................................32 5.1材料验收......................................................32 5.2筛板塔的安装..................................................32 5.3塔盘板的制造..................................................32 5.4塔体及塔盘的制造技术条件的规定...............................33 5.5塔体的运输....................................................33 参考文献...........................................................35 致谢...............................................................36