摘要
本次设计从企业实际需求出发,在全面分析被加工零件的结构特点、尺寸精度、被加工孔相互之间位置精度、表面粗糙度和技术要求的基础上,指出采用现有设备不仅工人劳动强度大,生产率低,而且零件加工精度难以保证。根据实际需要,研制出了卧式三面单工位组合钻床。
本文首先通过分析比较,确定了卧式三面单工位组合钻床的配置型式及结构的最佳方案,遵循机械设计中标准化、通用化、系列化原则,给出机床的总体设计,按照设计组合机床“三图一卡”的原则绘制出代表机床总体设计的被加工零件工序图、加工示意图、机床联系尺寸图和生产率计算卡。由于在本台组合钻床上需同时加工三个部位共24个孔,不仅孔多、间距小,采用常规方法排箱无法实现三个加工部位孔的工序集中的加工方案。本钻床的主轴箱传动系统通过采用变位齿轮和滚珠轴承等结构方面的创新设计,将常规方法下不能完成的排箱成为可能。
关键词:组合钻床、主轴箱、夹具设计、传动设计
Abstract
I
nview of the actual co
nditio
ns of e
nterprises a
nd o
n the basis of overall a
nalysi
ngworkPiece structure features,accuracy of size,surface rough
ness,accuracy of dista
nce betwee
n drilled holes a
nd other tech
nical requireme
nts,this article Poi
nts out that the existi
ng equipme
nts used to ma
nufacturework Pieces may result i
n lower Productivity,greater i
nte
nsity of labor a
ndworseworki
ng accuracy. Therefore,it 15
necessary to develop a
new type of 24hole si
ngleworki
ng Positio
n combi
natio
n drilli
ng machi
ne. Through a
nalysis a
nd compariso
n,the article has determi
ned the best Project ofthestructure a
nd the dispositio
n of the 24 holes combi
natio
n drilli
ng machi
ne. Accordi
ng to the Pri
nciple of sta
ndardizatio
n,ge
neralizatio
n a
nd serializatio
n i
n machi
ne desig
n,the article offers the master desig
n of the drilli
ng machi
ne,the Process drawi
ng of work Piece,theworki
ng diagram,the co
n
nectio
n dime
nsio
nal drawi
ng of The drilli
ng machi
ne a
nd the calculati
ng card of Productivity. I
n some key Parts of the drilli
ng machi
ne,there are certai
n
new desig
ns o
n the structure of the spi
ndle box a
nd the fixture.With 24hole drilled simulta
neously o
n the drilli
ng machi
ne,i
n additio
n to small Spaci
ng betwee
n holes a
nd dispersive arra
ngeme
nt of hole Positio
n,the 24 holes drilli
ng Program ca
n
not be completed i
n co
nve
ntio
nalway. I
n the tra
nsmissio
n system of 24 hole drilli
ng machi
ne are used some
new structural desig
ns such as Pi
n beari
ngs a
nd Positio
n一cha
ngeable gears,50 that the arra
ngeme
nt of hole Positio
n,which ca
n
not be fi
nished i
n co
nve
ntio
nalway,ca
n be accolllPlished.The combi
natio
n drilli
ng machi
ne 15 applied a fast spiral Pi
nch machi
nerywhose features are
not o
nly shorte
ns the time co
nsumed i
n loadi
ng a
nd u
nloadi
ngwork Piece but also e
nha
nces Productivity. Keywords:Combi
natio
n drilli
ng machi
ne Spi
ndle box Desig
n of fixture Desig
n of tra
nsmissio
n system 目录 摘要……………………………………………………………………………I Abstract…………………………………………………………………………II 第1章绪论……………………………………………………………………1 1.1背景及研究意义………………………………………………1 1.2组合机床发展概况…………………………………………………1 1.2.1组合机床的由来……………………………………………1 1.2.2组合机床技术装备现状与发展趋势………………………2 1.3设计研究的主要内容………………………………………………3 第2章卧式三面组合钻床总体设计…………………………………………4 2.1组合钻床工艺方案的制定…………………………………………4 2.1.1工艺过程和加工精度的要求………………………………4 2.1.2加工零件的特点……………………………………………4 2.1.3定位基准及加压部位的选择………………………………4 2.1.4孔间中心距的影响…………………………………………4 2.1.5工件的生产方式……………………………………………5 2.2组合钻床配置形式及结构方案的确定……………………………5 2.2.1加工精度……………………………………………………5 2.2.2机床生产率…………………………………………………5 2.2.3被加工件的尺寸、形状、加工部位的特征………………5 2.2.4操作的方便性………………………………………………5 2.2.5夹具形式对机床方案的影响………………………………5 2.3主要参数的计算……………………………………………………5 2.3.1确定切削用量、计算各主轴转速…………………………5 2.3.2确定切削三要素……………………………………………7 2.4组合机床总体设计…………………………………………………8 2.4.1被加工零件工序图…………………………………………8 2.4.2加工示意图的设计…………………………………………8 2.4.3机床联系尺寸图的绘制……………………………………13 2.4.4经济性分析…………………………………………………17 第3章主轴箱设计……………………………………………………………21 3.1主轴箱设计的原始依据……………………………………………21 3.2主轴箱传动系统的设计及计算……………………………………21 3.2.1传动路线拟定思路…………………………………………23 3.2.2分配传动比、初定传动轴位置、确定齿轮齿数…………24 3.2.3修正各主轴转速、切削速度、主轴每转进给量…………27 3.3主轴箱通用轴类零件选择…………………………………………28 3.3.1确定传动轴的直径及选材…………………………………28 3.3.2主轴及通用传动轴结构型式的选择方案…………………29 3.3.3通用齿轮及其他通用件……………………………………29 3.4轴和齿轮的校核……………………………………………………29 3.4.1主轴的力学计算模型………………………………………29 3.4.2齿轮模数的验算……………………………………………36 3.5主轴箱坐标的计算…………………………………………………38 3.5.1主轴箱坐标系原点的确定…………………………………38 3.6变位齿轮设计………………………………………………………45 第4章夹具设计………………………………………………………………47 4.1定位支承系统设计…………………………………………………47 4.1.1定位支承系统的设计原则…………………………………47 4.1.2定位支承元件及其布置……………………………………47 4.2导向装置设计………………………………………………………48 4.2.1导向装置的作用……………………………………………48 4.2.2导向装置的类型选择………………………………………48 4.2.3固定式导套的设计…………………………………………48 4.3夹紧机构设计………………………………………………………49 4.3.1夹紧方案的确定……………………………………………49 4.3.2夹紧力的计算………………………………………………49 第5章专题……………………………………………………………………52 5.1确定毛坯的制造形式………………………………………………52 5.1.1车桥焊接工艺………………………………………………52 5.1.2汽车后桥焊接设备…………………………………………52 5.1.3基准的选择…………………………………………………52 5.2工艺路线的拟定……………………………………………………52 5.3机械加工余量,工序尺寸及毛坯尺寸的确定……………………53 结束语…………………………………………………………………………62 致谢…………………………………………………………………………63 参考文献………………………………………………………………………64
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nview of the actual co
nditio
ns of e
nterprises a
nd o
n the basis of overall a
nalysi
ngworkPiece structure features,accuracy of size,surface rough
ness,accuracy of dista
nce betwee
n drilled holes a
nd other tech
nical requireme
nts,this article Poi
nts out that the existi
ng equipme
nts used to ma
nufacturework Pieces may result i
n lower Productivity,greater i
nte
nsity of labor a
ndworseworki
ng accuracy. Therefore,it 15
necessary to develop a
new type of 24hole si
ngleworki
ng Positio
n combi
natio
n drilli
ng machi
ne. Through a
nalysis a
nd compariso
n,the article has determi
ned the best Project ofthestructure a
nd the dispositio
n of the 24 holes combi
natio
n drilli
ng machi
ne. Accordi
ng to the Pri
nciple of sta
ndardizatio
n,ge
neralizatio
n a
nd serializatio
n i
n machi
ne desig
n,the article offers the master desig
n of the drilli
ng machi
ne,the Process drawi
ng of work Piece,theworki
ng diagram,the co
n
nectio
n dime
nsio
nal drawi
ng of The drilli
ng machi
ne a
nd the calculati
ng card of Productivity. I
n some key Parts of the drilli
ng machi
ne,there are certai
n
new desig
ns o
n the structure of the spi
ndle box a
nd the fixture.With 24hole drilled simulta
neously o
n the drilli
ng machi
ne,i
n additio
n to small Spaci
ng betwee
n holes a
nd dispersive arra
ngeme
nt of hole Positio
n,the 24 holes drilli
ng Program ca
n
not be completed i
n co
nve
ntio
nalway. I
n the tra
nsmissio
n system of 24 hole drilli
ng machi
ne are used some
new structural desig
ns such as Pi
n beari
ngs a
nd Positio
n一cha
ngeable gears,50 that the arra
ngeme
nt of hole Positio
n,which ca
n
not be fi
nished i
n co
nve
ntio
nalway,ca
n be accolllPlished.The combi
natio
n drilli
ng machi
ne 15 applied a fast spiral Pi
nch machi
nerywhose features are
not o
nly shorte
ns the time co
nsumed i
n loadi
ng a
nd u
nloadi
ngwork Piece but also e
nha
nces Productivity. Keywords:Combi
natio
n drilli
ng machi
ne Spi
ndle box Desig
n of fixture Desig
n of tra
nsmissio
n system 目录 摘要……………………………………………………………………………I Abstract…………………………………………………………………………II 第1章绪论……………………………………………………………………1 1.1背景及研究意义………………………………………………1 1.2组合机床发展概况…………………………………………………1 1.2.1组合机床的由来……………………………………………1 1.2.2组合机床技术装备现状与发展趋势………………………2 1.3设计研究的主要内容………………………………………………3 第2章卧式三面组合钻床总体设计…………………………………………4 2.1组合钻床工艺方案的制定…………………………………………4 2.1.1工艺过程和加工精度的要求………………………………4 2.1.2加工零件的特点……………………………………………4 2.1.3定位基准及加压部位的选择………………………………4 2.1.4孔间中心距的影响…………………………………………4 2.1.5工件的生产方式……………………………………………5 2.2组合钻床配置形式及结构方案的确定……………………………5 2.2.1加工精度……………………………………………………5 2.2.2机床生产率…………………………………………………5 2.2.3被加工件的尺寸、形状、加工部位的特征………………5 2.2.4操作的方便性………………………………………………5 2.2.5夹具形式对机床方案的影响………………………………5 2.3主要参数的计算……………………………………………………5 2.3.1确定切削用量、计算各主轴转速…………………………5 2.3.2确定切削三要素……………………………………………7 2.4组合机床总体设计…………………………………………………8 2.4.1被加工零件工序图…………………………………………8 2.4.2加工示意图的设计…………………………………………8 2.4.3机床联系尺寸图的绘制……………………………………13 2.4.4经济性分析…………………………………………………17 第3章主轴箱设计……………………………………………………………21 3.1主轴箱设计的原始依据……………………………………………21 3.2主轴箱传动系统的设计及计算……………………………………21 3.2.1传动路线拟定思路…………………………………………23 3.2.2分配传动比、初定传动轴位置、确定齿轮齿数…………24 3.2.3修正各主轴转速、切削速度、主轴每转进给量…………27 3.3主轴箱通用轴类零件选择…………………………………………28 3.3.1确定传动轴的直径及选材…………………………………28 3.3.2主轴及通用传动轴结构型式的选择方案…………………29 3.3.3通用齿轮及其他通用件……………………………………29 3.4轴和齿轮的校核……………………………………………………29 3.4.1主轴的力学计算模型………………………………………29 3.4.2齿轮模数的验算……………………………………………36 3.5主轴箱坐标的计算…………………………………………………38 3.5.1主轴箱坐标系原点的确定…………………………………38 3.6变位齿轮设计………………………………………………………45 第4章夹具设计………………………………………………………………47 4.1定位支承系统设计…………………………………………………47 4.1.1定位支承系统的设计原则…………………………………47 4.1.2定位支承元件及其布置……………………………………47 4.2导向装置设计………………………………………………………48 4.2.1导向装置的作用……………………………………………48 4.2.2导向装置的类型选择………………………………………48 4.2.3固定式导套的设计…………………………………………48 4.3夹紧机构设计………………………………………………………49 4.3.1夹紧方案的确定……………………………………………49 4.3.2夹紧力的计算………………………………………………49 第5章专题……………………………………………………………………52 5.1确定毛坯的制造形式………………………………………………52 5.1.1车桥焊接工艺………………………………………………52 5.1.2汽车后桥焊接设备…………………………………………52 5.1.3基准的选择…………………………………………………52 5.2工艺路线的拟定……………………………………………………52 5.3机械加工余量,工序尺寸及毛坯尺寸的确定……………………53 结束语…………………………………………………………………………62 致谢…………………………………………………………………………63 参考文献………………………………………………………………………64
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