机械5

风镐变速器箱体零件的工艺规程制订及夹具设计 摘要 本设计是风镐变速器箱体零件的加工工艺规程及一些工序的专用夹具设计。风镐变速器箱体零件的主要加工表面是平面及孔系。一般来说，保证平面的加工精度要比保证孔系的加工精度容易。因此，本设计遵循先面后孔的原则。并将孔与平面的加工明确划分成粗加工和精加工阶段以保证孔系加工精度。基准选择以变速箱箱体的输入轴和输出轴的支承孔作为粗基准，以顶面与两个工艺孔作为精基准。主要加工工序安排是先以支承孔系定位加工出顶平面，再以顶平面与支承孔系定位加工出工艺孔。在后续工序中除个别工序外均用顶平面和工艺孔定位加工其他孔系与平面。支承孔系的加工采用的是坐标法镗孔。整个加工过程均选用组合机床。夹具选用专用夹具，夹紧方式多选用气动夹紧，夹紧可靠，机构可以不必自锁。因此生产效率较高。适用于大批量、流水线上加工。能够满足设计要求。 关键词：变速箱;加工工艺;专用夹具 Abstract This desig
n is the process specificatio
n of the p
neumatic gearbox box parts a
nd the special fixture desig
n for some processes. The mai
n machi
ned surface of the gearbox housi
ng parts of the p
neumatic pick is the pla
ne a
nd hole system. Ge
nerally speaki
ng, e
nsuri
ng the machi
ni
ng accuracy of the pla
ne is easier tha
n e
nsuri
ng the machi
ni
ng accuracy of the hole system. Therefore, this desig
n follows the pri
nciple of the first face a
nd the rear hole. The processi
ng of holes a
nd pla
nes is clearly divided i
nto rough machi
ni
ng a
nd fi
nishi
ng stages to e
nsure the accuracy of hole processi
ng. The refere
nce selectio
n is based o
n the i
nput shaft of the gearbox a
nd the supporti
ng hole of the output shaft as the rough datum,with the top face a
nd two processi
ng holes as the precise datum. The mai
n processi
ng procedure is to locate the top pla
newith the supporti
ng hole system first, the
n locate the hole by positio
ni
ng the top pla
ne a
nd supporti
ng holes. I
n the followi
ng processes, except for i
ndividual processes, other holes a
nd pla
nes are positio
ned by usi
ng the top pla
ne a
nd process holes. The hole supporti
ng system is machi
ned by coordi
nate method. Combi
ned machi
ne tools are used i
n thewhole process. The fixture is specially clamped, the clampi
ng mode is mostly p
neumatic clampi
ng, a
nd the clampi
ng is reliable, a
nd the mecha
nism ca
n
not be self locked. Therefore, the productio
n efficie
ncy is high. It is suitable for large batch a
nd assembly li
ne processi
ng. It ca
n meet the desig
n requireme
nts. Keywords: Gearbox machi
ni
ng tech
nology ; special-purpose ; clampi
ng apparatus 目录 摘要i Abstract II 绪论3 1风镐变速器箱体加工工艺规程设计18 1.1零件的分析18 1.1.1零件的作用18 1.1.2零件的工艺分析18 1.2箱体加工的主要问题和工艺过程设计所应采取的相应措施19 1.2.1孔和平面的加工顺序19 1.2.2孔系加工方案选择19 1.3变速箱箱体加工定位基准的选择22 1.3.1粗基准的选择22 1.3.2精基准的选择22 1.4变速箱箱体加工主要工序安排23 1.5机械加工余量、工序尺寸及毛坯尺寸的确定24 2专用夹具设计30 2.1粗铣前后端面夹具设计30 2.1.1定位基准的选择30 2.1.2定位元件的设计30 2.2.3定位误差分析32 2.1.4铣削力与夹紧力计算32 2.1.5定向键与对刀装置设计33 2.1.6夹紧装置及夹具体设计35 2.1.7夹具设计及操作的简要说明37 参考文献38 致谢39