机械5

液压挖掘机工作装置及液压系统设计 摘要 液压挖掘机是属于重型建筑用机械的一种主要设施，在我国的应用范围极其广泛，它被广泛应用在路面建设、挖掘水利设施、铺设电网和挖矿等需要大规模机械挖掘和施工的建筑作业中。其中，反铲液压挖掘机属于重型工业机械中应用最多的一个机种。它主要应用于挖掘水平面以下或者与机身等高的土壤，它在很多方面都有着不可替代的作用。例如，减少工人们繁杂的体力劳动、保证工程施工的质量、促进建造的速度以及增加施工的劳动生产率方面等等。液压挖掘机还具有多功能化、多样化、高工作质量以及高工作效率等特点，因此受到了全世界人民的喜爱。液压挖掘机的制造业也因此蓬勃生长。 液压挖掘机完成各项基本功能的基础就是液压挖掘机的工作装置机构，它的结构的可行性直接影响到液压挖掘机的正常工作与施工。挖掘机机械部分与液压传动已经严密地联系在了一起，成为了不可分割的一部分。他的发展主要靠液压技术的改进，液压技术就是它的根底。不论在严寒的高山上，或是干涸的沙漠，你都能看到液压挖掘机的存在。这些崎岖复杂的地理因素导致了液压挖掘机工作的艰难性，于是它对液压系统运作提出了很严格的要求，其液压系统也是重型建筑机械液压系统中最为复杂的一种。因而，对挖掘机液压系统的剖析与更新设计已经成为推进液压挖掘机发展中的重要一部分。 关键词：液压挖掘机工作装置液压系统 Abstract Hydraulic excavator is a ki
nd of heavy co
nstructio
n machi
nery facilities, applicatio
n scope is extremelywidespread i
n our cou
ntry, it iswidely used i
n road co
nstructio
n, mi
ni
ng, the electric grids a
nd thewater co
nserva
ncy facilities
need large-scale mecha
nical mi
ni
ng such as mi
ni
ng a
nd co
nstructio
n buildi
ngwork. Amo
ng them, the backhoe hydraulic excavator is o
ne of the mostwidely used i
n heavy i
ndustrial machi
nery. It is mai
nly used to excavate thewater level below or the soilwith the height of the fuselage, it has a
n irreplaceable role i
n ma
ny aspects. For example, reduci
ng theworkers' laborious physical labor, e
nsuri
ng the quality of the co
nstructio
n, promoti
ng the speed of co
nstructio
n, a
nd i
ncreasi
ng the labor productivity of the co
nstructio
n. The hydraulic excavator has the characteristics of multi-fu
nctio
n, diversificatio
n, high quality ofwork a
nd highworki
ng efficie
ncy, so it is loved by people all over theworld. The ma
nufacturi
ng of hydraulic excavators has also boomed. The basic fu
nctio
n of hydraulic excavator is theworki
ng device mecha
nism of hydraulic excavator. The feasibility of its structure directly affects the
normalwork a
nd co
nstructio
n of hydraulic excavator. The mecha
nical part of the excavator is closely co
n
nectedwith the hydraulic tra
nsmissio
n a
nd becomes a
n i
nseparable part. His developme
nt mai
nly relies o
n hydraulic tech
nology improveme
nt, hydraulic tech
nology is its root. You ca
n see the existe
nce of hydraulic excavators, either i
n the frigid mou
ntai
ns or i
n the dry desert. These rugged complex geographic factors resulted i
n the hard reality of hydraulic excavatorworki
ng, the
n it puts forwardvery strict requireme
nts o
n hydraulic system, the hydraulic system is also heavy co
nstructio
n machi
nery hydraulic system i
n o
ne of the most complicated. Therefore, the a
nalysis a
nd update desig
n of the hydraulic system of excavator has become a
n importa
nt part i
n the developme
nt of hydraulic excavator. Keywords: hydraulic excavatorworki
ng device hydraulic system. 目录 引言1 第一章绪论2 1.1挖掘机的发展历程3 1.2国外挖掘机的发展状况3 1.3国内挖掘机发展状况4 第二章工作装置设计5 2.1铲斗参数的确定5 2.1.1铲斗参数的计算5 2.1.2铲斗挖掘阻力7 2.2动臂机构参数的确定8 2.2.1l1和l2的计算8 2.2.2l41和l42的计算9 2.2.3l5的计算9 2.3斗杆基本参数的确定14 2.3.1斗杆挖掘阻力14 2.3.2斗杆参数的计算15 2.4铲斗连杆机构参数确定16 第三章液压系统分析18 3.1液压系统的基本组成18 3.2液压系统的要求18 3.3液压系统工况分析19 3.3.1挖掘19 3.3.2满斗举升回斗19 3.3.3卸载19 3.4液压系统基本回路19 3.4.1限压回路19 3.4.2节流回路20 3.5液压系统的确立21 3.5.1工作装置液压系统原理图21 3.5.2液压系统工作分析21 3.5.3液压元件的作用22 3.6液压缸的计算22 3.6.1铲斗液压缸的计算22 3.6.2斗杆油缸的计算24 3.6.3动臂油缸的计算25 3.7液压泵的选择25 3.8其他液压元件的选择26 总结27 参考文献28 谢辞29