自走式玉米收获机液压及控制系统设计
摘要
玉米是我国三大粮食作物之一,各地方都有种植,无论是对于提高粮食综合玉米生产能力、确保粮食安全,还是对于满足日益增长的饲料需求,都具有举足轻重的地位。为了促进农业的现代化,必须实行粮食生产的机械化,尤其应加快实现收获环节的机械化。但我国目前玉米收获程度还不到百分之十。已成为玉米机械化生产的瓶颈。为此,各级政府和越来越多的农机制造企业正在加大投入,积极开展玉米收获机械技术的研究和新型装备的设计与开发。
本文主要对春雨4YZ-4玉米收获机液压系统进行设计。包括液压原理图的确认,液压站的设计、液压阀的选择等。对卸粮液压缸进行了结构和参数的设计,以及对卸粮液压缸的稳定性进行校核。设计的玉米收获机能够满足使用功能的要求,安全可靠,操作使用方便,具有很强的现实意义。
关键词:玉米收获机,液压系统,液压站,液压缸
Abstract
Cor
n is o
ne of the three mai
n grai
n crops i
n our cou
ntry, the local has grow
n, both to improve the comprehe
nsive grai
n cor
n productio
n capacity, e
nsure food security or to meet the growi
ng dema
nd for feed has a pivotal positio
n. I
n order to promote the moder
nizatio
n of agriculture, the mecha
nizatio
n of grai
n productio
n must be carried out, especially the mecha
nizatio
n of the harvest li
nk should be accelerated.. But the cor
n harvest degree is still less tha
n te
n perce
nt i
n Chi
na.. Has become the bottle
neck of cor
n mecha
nizatio
n productio
n. To this e
nd, gover
nme
nts at all levels a
nd more a
nd more agricultural machi
nery ma
nufacturi
ng e
nterprises are i
ncreasi
ng i
nvestme
nt, a
nd actively carry out the research a
nd desig
n a
nd developme
nt of
new equipme
nt for cor
n harvest machi
nery tech
nology. This paper mai
nly carries o
n the desig
n to the spri
ng rai
n 4YZ-4 cor
n harvester hydraulic system. I
ncludi
ng the co
nfirmatio
n of hydraulic schematic, desig
n of hydraulic statio
n, selectio
n of hydraulicvalve, etc.. The structure a
nd parameters of the u
nloadi
ng hydraulic cyli
nderwere desig
ned, a
nd the stability of u
nloadi
ng hydraulic cyli
nderwas checked.. The cor
n harvester ca
n meet the use of the fu
nctio
n, safe a
nd reliable, easy to operate, a
nd has stro
ng practical sig
nifica
nce. Keywords: cor
n harvester, hydraulic system, hydraulic statio
n, hydraulic cyli
nder 目录 摘要i Abstract ii 第一章引言1 1.1课题研究的目的及意义1 1.2玉米收获机的研究现状及发展趋势2 1.2.1国内的研究现状2 1.2.2国外研究现状3 1.3液压系统的发展4 1.4课题设计思路5 1.5课题设计结构5 第二章春雨4YZ-4玉米收获机液压系统原理图的设计6 2.1对玉米收获机液压系统各主要回路的分析6 2.1.1卸粮回路7 2.1.2行走无级变速回路7 2.1.3切碎器回路8 2.1.4割台回路9 2.2玉米收获机液压系统的工作原理总成9 2.2.1卸粮机构回路10 2.2.2切割器升降回路11 2.2.3割台升降回路11 2.2.4无级变速回路11 第三章春雨4YZ-4玉米收获机液压系统设计计算12 3.1春雨4YZ-4玉米收获机主要性能参数13 3.2卸粮液压缸的设计计算13 3.2.1系统压力和卸粮油缸推力的确认13 3.2.2卸粮液压缸缸径的确认13 3.2.3油缸效率分析14 3.2.4系统背压的选择15 3.2.5液压缸缸径的确认15 3.2.6导向长度的确认16 3.2.7活塞宽度的确定16 3.2.8缸体长度的确定16 3.2.9缸筒壁厚的计算17 3.2.10缸体外径尺寸的计算17 3.2.11活塞杆强度和液压缸稳定性计算18 3.2.12缸筒壁厚的验算19 3.2.13活塞设计20 3.2.14密封件的选用20 3.2.15活塞杆的设计22 3.2.16缓冲装置和排气阀23 3.3主要液压辅助装置的选择25 3.3.1液压油的选择25 3.3.2滤油器的选择25 3.3.3压力表的选择25 3.3.4阀类元件的选择25 3.3.5液压泵的选择25 第4章结论27 4.1本所取得的结果27 4.2技术展望27 参考文献27 致谢30
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n is o
ne of the three mai
n grai
n crops i
n our cou
ntry, the local has grow
n, both to improve the comprehe
nsive grai
n cor
n productio
n capacity, e
nsure food security or to meet the growi
ng dema
nd for feed has a pivotal positio
n. I
n order to promote the moder
nizatio
n of agriculture, the mecha
nizatio
n of grai
n productio
n must be carried out, especially the mecha
nizatio
n of the harvest li
nk should be accelerated.. But the cor
n harvest degree is still less tha
n te
n perce
nt i
n Chi
na.. Has become the bottle
neck of cor
n mecha
nizatio
n productio
n. To this e
nd, gover
nme
nts at all levels a
nd more a
nd more agricultural machi
nery ma
nufacturi
ng e
nterprises are i
ncreasi
ng i
nvestme
nt, a
nd actively carry out the research a
nd desig
n a
nd developme
nt of
new equipme
nt for cor
n harvest machi
nery tech
nology. This paper mai
nly carries o
n the desig
n to the spri
ng rai
n 4YZ-4 cor
n harvester hydraulic system. I
ncludi
ng the co
nfirmatio
n of hydraulic schematic, desig
n of hydraulic statio
n, selectio
n of hydraulicvalve, etc.. The structure a
nd parameters of the u
nloadi
ng hydraulic cyli
nderwere desig
ned, a
nd the stability of u
nloadi
ng hydraulic cyli
nderwas checked.. The cor
n harvester ca
n meet the use of the fu
nctio
n, safe a
nd reliable, easy to operate, a
nd has stro
ng practical sig
nifica
nce. Keywords: cor
n harvester, hydraulic system, hydraulic statio
n, hydraulic cyli
nder 目录 摘要i Abstract ii 第一章引言1 1.1课题研究的目的及意义1 1.2玉米收获机的研究现状及发展趋势2 1.2.1国内的研究现状2 1.2.2国外研究现状3 1.3液压系统的发展4 1.4课题设计思路5 1.5课题设计结构5 第二章春雨4YZ-4玉米收获机液压系统原理图的设计6 2.1对玉米收获机液压系统各主要回路的分析6 2.1.1卸粮回路7 2.1.2行走无级变速回路7 2.1.3切碎器回路8 2.1.4割台回路9 2.2玉米收获机液压系统的工作原理总成9 2.2.1卸粮机构回路10 2.2.2切割器升降回路11 2.2.3割台升降回路11 2.2.4无级变速回路11 第三章春雨4YZ-4玉米收获机液压系统设计计算12 3.1春雨4YZ-4玉米收获机主要性能参数13 3.2卸粮液压缸的设计计算13 3.2.1系统压力和卸粮油缸推力的确认13 3.2.2卸粮液压缸缸径的确认13 3.2.3油缸效率分析14 3.2.4系统背压的选择15 3.2.5液压缸缸径的确认15 3.2.6导向长度的确认16 3.2.7活塞宽度的确定16 3.2.8缸体长度的确定16 3.2.9缸筒壁厚的计算17 3.2.10缸体外径尺寸的计算17 3.2.11活塞杆强度和液压缸稳定性计算18 3.2.12缸筒壁厚的验算19 3.2.13活塞设计20 3.2.14密封件的选用20 3.2.15活塞杆的设计22 3.2.16缓冲装置和排气阀23 3.3主要液压辅助装置的选择25 3.3.1液压油的选择25 3.3.2滤油器的选择25 3.3.3压力表的选择25 3.3.4阀类元件的选择25 3.3.5液压泵的选择25 第4章结论27 4.1本所取得的结果27 4.2技术展望27 参考文献27 致谢30
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