机械5

摘要 主减速器是汽车总成中重要传动结构之一，位于汽车传动系的末端，其基本功用首先是增扭、降速，改变转矩的传递方向，即增大由传动轴或直接从变速器传来的转矩，并将转矩合理的分配给左、右驱动车轮；所以主减速器结构形式和设计参数直接影响汽车的动力性、燃油经济性、可靠性和汽车的使用寿命。 本次课题设计是参考传统的主减速器的设计方法进行轻型货车的主减速器设计。首先通过已知的汽车相关参数，确定驱动桥整体方案，包括驱动总成结构形式为整体式驱动桥，选择主减速器结构形式为单级主减速器，主减速器传动形式选择双曲面锥齿轮传动，主减速器主动锥齿轮选择悬臂式支承，从动锥齿轮跨置式支承，接下来是对主减速器壳等不需要计算的零件设计，但必须要满足汽车的使用要求。最后利用三维建模软件绘制零件三维图并进行装配。 关键词：主减速器；双曲面锥齿轮；建模 Abstract The mai
n reducer, o
ne of the most importa
nt tra
nsmissio
n structures i
n the automobile assembly, is located at the e
nd of the automobile tra
nsmissio
n system. The basic fu
nctio
n is to i
ncrease the torque a
nd reduce the tra
nsmissio
n directio
n of the torque, that is to i
ncrease the torque tra
nsmitted from the tra
nsmissio
n shaft or directly from the tra
nsmissio
n, a
nd to allocate the torque to the left a
nd rightwheels, so the mai
n reducer is co
n
nected. The co
nfiguratio
n a
nd desig
n parameters directly affect the power performa
nce, fuel eco
nomy, reliability a
nd service life ofvehicle. The desig
n of this project is to desig
n the mai
n reducer of light truck by referri
ng to the desig
n method of the traditio
nal mai
n reducer. First of all, through the k
now
n automobile related parameters, the overall scheme of the drive bridge is determi
ned, i
ncludi
ng the drive assembly structure as the i
ntegral drive bridge, a
nd the mai
n reducer is selected as the si
ngle stage mai
n reducer. The mai
n reducer drives the double curved bevel gear tra
nsmissio
n, the mai
n reducer chooses the ca
ntilever support a
nd the drive
n co
ne. The gears are cross supported, the
n the parts such as mai
n reducer shell a
nd so o
n do
not
need to be calculated, but they must meet the requireme
nts ofvehicle use. Fi
nally, 3D modeli
ng software is used to draw 3D parts a
nd assemble them. Keywords: mai
n reducer, hyperboloid bevel gear, modeli
ng 目录 摘要I Abstract II 1绪论1 1.1课题的设计任务1 1.2主减速器的国内外发展概况1 1.3课题的技术路线2 2总体方案的设计3 2.1主减速器结构形式的选择3 2.2主减速器支承形式的选择3 2.2.1主动锥齿轮的支承形式3 2.2.2从动锥齿轮支承4 2.3传动形式的选择4 3主减速器齿轮副设计7 3.1传动系载荷的计算7 3.2主减速器齿轮的设计计算8 3.2.1主从动锥齿轮齿数的选择8 3.2.2从动锥齿轮节圆直径及端面模数的计算8 3.2.3主从动锥齿轮的齿面宽度计算9 3.2.4齿轮的偏移计算9 3.2.5螺旋角的选择9 3.2.6法向压力角的选择9 3.2.7双曲面齿轮几何尺寸计算结果9 3.3齿轮的强度计算及校核18 3.3.1单位齿长圆周力的计算18 3.3.2轮齿弯曲强度校核19 3.3.3轮齿接触强度校核21 3.3.4锥齿轮材料及热处理22 3.4主减速器齿轮的三维建模23 4减速器轴承的选择25 4.1轴承支承受力分析25 4.2轴承选择28 4.2.1轴承类型选择28 4.2.2轴承型号选择29 4.2.3轴承寿命校核31 4.3轴承的设计结果31 5主减速器预紧装置设计32 5.1.1轴承的预紧32 5.1.2锥齿轮的调整33 结论35 致谢36 参考文献37