机械5

摘要 车床是广泛应用的一种技术成熟的切削机床，C650车床是一种中型车床，可用于加工回转直径1020mm以内,长度3000mm以内的工件。是车床中极具代表性的一种设备。 此次设计是对C650车床传统电气控制系统的改进设计和模拟，运用可编译逻辑控制器实现各种控制、自锁、联锁、报警功能，优化控制系统的性能，提高稳定性，降低故障率。 主电机的电气设计是整个机床电气设计的重点。主电机的主回路要求带有正反转、Y-Δ转换、带限流电阻电气反接制动。系统要求设计欠压饱和和过流保护。在模拟样机中通过电位器经AD扩展模块模拟。 本次设计是一个完整的电气控制系统，涵盖了电机的计算、元件的选型、控制方案的设计、图纸的绘制、电气主回路的设计，配电系统接线、调试，是专业知识的一次总结和实践。 关键词：机床；配电；PLC；Y-Δ转换 Abstract The lathe is o
ne of the mostwidely used metal cutti
ng lathe, C650 lathe is a medium-sized lathe, the diameter ofworkpiece up to 1020mm, le
ngth up to 3000mm. It is a ki
nd of equipme
ntwhich iswidely used. Latheworkwhe
n the most basic of two ki
nds of sports: Chuck axle drives theworkpiece rotatio
n, called mai
n moveme
nt(cutti
ng moveme
nt), seco
nd is slide carriage thimble drives the cutter to the li
near motio
n, k
now
n as a feed moveme
nt. The two moveme
nts are carried out at the same time. I
n order to e
nsure the sy
nchro
nizatio
n betwee
n the two, the two moveme
nts are drive
n by the same motor(the mai
n motor), but have their ow
n tra
nsmissio
n. Through the respective tra
nsmissio
n adjustme
nt to adjust the differe
nt spi
ndle speed a
nd feed speed,you ca
n process avariety of differe
nt
needs of theworkpiece. Cooli
ng pump is also a
n i
ndispe
nsable equipme
nt of the machi
ne tool. After starti
ng the machi
ne, cooli
ng pump started ru
n
ni
ng, the cooli
ng liquid spray towork cutti
ng
noodles, to play to the role of cooli
ng theworkpiece, the cutter protectio
n. The desig
n of the traditio
nal C650 lathe electrical co
ntrol system to improve the desig
n a
nd simulatio
n, usi
ng compiled logic co
ntroller to achieve avariety of co
ntrol, self-locki
ng, i
nterlocki
ng, alarm fu
nctio
n, the optimizatio
n of the performa
nce of the co
ntrol system, improve the stability, reduce the failure rate. The electrical desig
n of the mai
n motor is the key poi
nt of thewhole machi
ne tool electrical desig
n. The mai
n circuit of the mai
n motor is a ki
nd of positive i
nversio
n a
nd Y- delta co
nversio
n,with curre
nt limiti
ng resista
nce of electric braki
ng of complex loop. This desig
n is a complete electrical co
ntrol system, coveri
ng motor calculatio
n, compo
ne
nt selectio
n, co
ntrol scheme desig
n a
nd drawi
ngs of the drawi
ng, the mai
n electrical circuit desig
n, distributio
n systemwiri
ng a
nd debuggi
ng,which is exte
nsively i
nvolved i
n k
nowledge is a summary a
nd practice of professio
nal k
nowledge. Keywords: lathe; power distributio
n; Programmable Logic Co
ntroller;ladder diagram 目录 摘要…………………………………………………………………………1 引言…………………………………………………………………………4 1绪论…………………………………………………………………………5 1.1车床的历史及发展……………………………………………………………4 1.2车床结构……………………………………………………………………5 1.3设计要求………………………………………………………………………5 2车床主回路设计……………………………………………………………7 2.1主电机功率…………………………………………………………………8 2.2主电机主回路的设计…………………………………………………………9 2.3主要材料的选择、配置………………………………………………………9 2.4冷却泵电机的设计…………………………………………………………10 2.5机床主回路图………………………………………………………………11 3车床电气控制设计………………………………………………………12 3.1控制要求……………………………………………………………………13 3.2控制方案选择………………………………………………………………13 3.3 PLCI/O测点清单及硬件循………………………………………………16 3.5控制回路原理………………………………………………………………17 3.6梯形图程序………………………………………………………………18 4模拟样机…………………………………………………………………23 4.1仪器及设备………………………………………………………………23 4.2电动机的选择……………………………………………………………24 4.3模拟样机运行……………………………………………………………25 4.4试机中遇到的问题………………………………………………………26 结论……………………………………………………………………………27 谢辞……………………………………………………………………………28 参考文献…………………………………………………………………29 附件……………………………………………………………………………30