机械5

摘要 车架一般由纵梁和横梁组成。其形式主要有边梁式和中梁式两种， 边梁式车架由两根位于两边的纵梁和若干根横梁组成，用铆接法或者焊接法将纵梁与横梁连接成坚固的刚性构架。 纵梁通常用低合金钢板冲压而成，断面形状一般为槽型，也有的做成Z形或箱型。很据汽车形式的不同和结构布置的要求，纵梁可以在水平面内或纵平面内做成弯曲的，以及等断面或非等断面的。 横梁不仅用来保证车架的扭转刚度和承受纵向载荷，而且还可以支撑汽车上的主要部件。通常载货车有5~6根横梁，有时会更多。边梁式车架的结构特点是便于安装驾驶室、车厢及一些特种装备和布置其他总成，有利于改装变型车和发展多品种汽车，因此被广泛用在载货汽车和大多数特种汽车上 关键词：车架,衡量,纵梁 Abstract The frame is ge
nerally composed of lo
ngitudi
nal beam a
nd cross beam. There are mai
nly two forms of side beam type a
nd middle beam type, The side beam frame is composed of two lo
ngitudi
nal beams o
n both sides a
nd several cross beams. The lo
ngitudi
nal beams a
nd cross beams are co
n
nected to form a rigid frame by riveti
ng orweldi
ng. The lo
ngitudi
nal beam is usually made of low alloy steel plate, a
nd the sectio
n shape is ge
nerally groove type, a
nd some are made i
nto Z-shape or box type. Accordi
ng to the differe
nt forms of automobiles a
nd the requireme
nts of structural arra
ngeme
nt, the lo
ngitudi
nal beams ca
n be made i
nto curved o
nes i
n the horizo
ntal pla
ne or lo
ngitudi
nal pla
ne, aswell as equal or
no
n equal sectio
ns. The crossbeam is
not o
nly used to e
nsure the torsio
nal stiff
ness a
nd lo
ngitudi
nal load of the frame, but also to support the mai
n parts of the car. Trucks usually have five to six beams, sometimes more. The structural feature of the side beam frame is that it is easy to i
nstall the cab, carriage a
nd some special equipme
nt a
nd arra
nge other assemblies,which is co
nducive to the modificatio
n ofvaria
ntvehicles a
nd the developme
nt ofvarious types ofvehicles. Therefore, it iswidely used i
n trucks a
nd most specialvehicles Keywords: frame, measure, stri
nger 目录 一课题研究的背景与意义4 1.1课题研究的背景4 二设计方案4 2．1catia软件的介绍4 1.运用CATIA三维软件建立电动汽车车架5 三,电动汽车车架作动态性能方面的计算5 3.1有限元静力分析的介绍6 3.2车架的静力分析6 4.1模态分析的介绍9 4.2车架的模态分析10 五,车架的拓扑优化14 5.1拓扑优化的概念14 5.2模型的改进14 5.3新模型的结构分析16 5.4结果的比对17 5.5方案可行性研究18 六,总结22 七，致谢23 八，参考文献24