机械5

摘要 中国汽车工业经过60年的发展，经过数代人的努力从无到有并逐步走向国际化。2009年我国汽车产量突破1379.10万辆，超过第二名日本和第三名美国产量之和。（日本为793万辆，美国为570万辆）。中国已经成为了全球汽车生产第一大国。作为汽车制造之中最有代表性的3大工艺(焊装、油漆、总装)之一的焊接工艺也得到了长足发展，逐步达到国际先进水平。在专业性强、而且有规则焊道的零件中使用焊接专机不仅能达到焊接工艺的要求，而且经济。为了满足国内外需求，我国汽车制造业需要大量自动化装备来提高生产效率减轻工人工作量。 本设计为汽车后桥直焊缝焊接专机设计，设备包括机械结构设计。焊接汽车后桥的方法是二氧化碳保护焊法，焊接长度为270mm，焊接速度可达到300一500mm/mi
n。本焊接专机的机械部分设计包括有焊接小车、床身、丝杠传动机构、工件支架、气缸支架、顶尖等部分。内容涉及到气缸、电动机、减速机、滚珠螺杆等。其中焊接小车是本次设计的重点，小车带动焊抢作直线运动来完成直焊缝的焊接任务，而小车是由电机通过一系列传动驱动的。出于对工艺要求和工作效率等多方面因素的考虑，设计出了双焊枪运动机构，使之在一次操作可以同时完成两道直焊缝的焊接任务。 关键词:汽车后桥；焊接专机；焊接小车；丝杠传动 Abstract After 60years developme
nt， Chi
na's automobile i
ndustry has go
ne from scratch a
nd gradually to the i
nter
natio
nalizatio
n. I
n 2009 Chi
na has produced more tha
n 13.791 millio
nvehicles. Productio
n more tha
n the sum of Japa
n a
nd the U
nited States. Chi
na has become theworld's largest auto productio
n. As the the most represe
ntative three process i
n car ma
nufacturi
ng i
ndustry(weldi
ng， pai
nti
ng， assembly).Theweldi
ng tech
nology has also bee
n rapid developme
nt， a
nd gradually reached the i
nter
natio
nal adva
nced level. I
n professio
nal， a
nd there are regularweld bead parts used i
n specialweldi
ng machi
ne
not o
nly ca
n meet the requireme
nts ofweldi
ng process， but also eco
nomy. I
n order to meet the
needs of domestic a
nd i
nter
natio
nal， Chi
na's auto ma
nufacturi
ng i
ndustry
needs a lot of automatio
n equipme
nt to improve productio
n efficie
ncy a
nd reduce theworkload ofworkers. The desig
n of the automobile rear axle straight seamweldi
ng machi
ne， i
ncludi
ng mecha
nical structure desig
n. Weldi
ngvehicle rear axle method is the carbo
n dioxideweldi
ng method，weldi
ng speed ca
n reach 0.3 0.5m/mi
n. Thisweldi
ng machi
ne mecha
nical parts of the desig
n i
ncludi
ngweldi
ng carriage， bed， lead screw tra
nsmissio
n mecha
nism， fixture a
nd other parts. The co
nte
nts relate to the cyli
nder， the top， motor， reducer， ball screw， etc.. Theweldi
ng tractor is the focus of this desig
n， co
nsideri
ng thevarious factors of the tech
nological requireme
nts a
nd the efficie
ncy desig
n double gu
n moveme
nt mecha
nism， make i
n o
ne operatio
n ca
n be completed at the same time， two straight seamweldi
ng tasks. Motor output speed through the reducer to drive the screw rotatio
n， the screw o
n the screw
nut to drive the car to reach theweldi
ng task. Keywords: automobile rear axle;weldi
ng machi
ne;weldi
ng car;screw drive 目录 摘要I Abstract II 第1章绪论1 1.1课题研究的目的和意义1 1.2焊接设备的发展趋势及发展现状1 1.2.1国内焊接设备发展现状2 1.2.2国外焊接设备发展现状与趋势3 1.3课题研究内容及目标4 第2章汽车后桥直焊缝焊接专机整体设计方案5 2.1汽车后桥直焊缝焊接专机工作原理5 2.2焊接小车的工作原理及设计6 2.2.1工作原理6 2.2.2焊枪卡紧机构的设计7 2.2.3焊枪垂直运动系统的设计7 2.2.4弓形滑板的设计8 2.2.5小车尺寸结构的设计9 2.2.6送丝机构支架的设计10 2.3电动机与减速机的确定11 2.4滚珠螺杆滚珠螺母选择13 2.5防尘罩设计13 2.6工件支架的设计14 2.7托盘的设计14 2.8顶尖的选取15 2.9汽缸及其尾座的设计15 2.10床身的设计16 第3章关键零件校核17 3.1滚珠螺杆强度与刚度校核17 3.1.1滚珠螺杆强度校核17 3.1.2滚珠螺杆刚度校核18 3.2联轴器的选择与校核19 3.3减速器的校核20 3.4键的选择与校核20 3.5轴承的选择与校核21 第4章结论23 参考文献24 致谢25