机械5

摘要 装载机在我国是从七十年代开始发展的，主要有履带式装载机及轮式装载机。随着科学的发展，装载机的种类越来越多。同时，把提高效率、减少成本为目标，它向着巨型和微型两个方向发展。 本文主要讲的是装载机的优化设计问题。本文利用计算机优化技术对装载机工作装置进行分析和研究，选择复合形法作为此次的优化方法，按照设计要求建立了装载机工作装置的数学模型。还对装载机的铲斗，动臂及摇臂进行了结构优化。 本文着重讲述了数学模型的建立和典型工况的特性分析，并以ZL40为例进行了优化设计，并根据其优化以后的坐标，设计了整个工作装置，并选择了装载机的典型工况校核其强度，从而严整了本文数学及优化程序的正确性，可靠性。 关键词：装载机优化设计数学模型复合形法 ABSTRACT Loaders i
n Chi
na from the 1970s bega
n to develop,mai
nlycrawler loaders a
ndwheel loaders.With the developme
nt of scie
nce,there are more a
nd more ki
nds of loaders.At the same time,to improve efficie
ncy,reduce costs as the goal,it is towards the gia
nt a
nd micro-two directio
ns. This article mai
nlytalks about the optimal desig
n of the loader.I
n this paper,the computer optimizatio
n tech
nologyis used to a
nalyze a
nd studytheworki
ng device of the loader,a
nd the complexmethod is chose
n as the optimizatio
n method.The structure of bucket,boom a
nd rocker arm of the loader is optimized. I
n this paper,the establishme
nt of the mathematical model a
nd the characteristic a
nalysis of the typicalworki
ng co
nditio
n are emphaticallydescribed,a
nd the optimized desig
n is madewith ZL40 as a
n example,a
nd accordi
ng to its optimized coordi
nates,thewholeworki
ng device is desig
ned,the typicalworki
ng co
nditio
n of the loader is selected to check its stre
ngth,so that the correct
ness a
nd reliabilityof the mathematics a
nd optimizatio
n program are strictlyregulated. Keywords: Loadi
ng Machi
ne Optimum Desig
n Mathematic Model Flexible Polyhedro
n Method 目录 第一章绪论1 第二章工作装置优化设计3 2.1优化设计概述3 2.2优化过程3 2.2.1设计要求：4 2.2.2数学模型的建立：4 2.2.3优化方法的选择：6 2.2.4复合形法简介6 2.2.5装载机工作装置数学模型的建立13 第三章工作装置结构与强度分析25 3.1结构优化25 3.1.1铲斗设计25 3.1.2动臂，摇臂的设计27 3.2强度分析28 3.2.1工作装置典型工况的选择及外载荷的确定28 3.2.2工作装置受力分析及校核29 3.3强度计算：29 3.3.1对工作装置的受力分析：29 3.3.2强度校核34 第四章工艺设计41 4.1工艺规程加工工艺的指定41 第五章优化设计FORTRAN程序设计45 结论60 参考文献61 致谢62