摘要
目前,数控机床的发展日新月异,高速化、高精度化、复合化、网络化、极端化、绿色化已成为数控机床发展的趋势和方向。中国作为一个制造大国,仍然还是依靠价格、资源等方面的比较优势,而在产品的技术创新与自主开发方面与国外同行的差距还很大。因此,对其进行研究和设计显得尤为重要。
本次设计的题目是数控车床无级变速主轴箱设计。本文阐述了数控机床的发展历史、现状及趋势,并介绍了主轴的工作原理及关键技术。对机床进行总体方案设计,进而确定机床的总体布局,然后,确定了合理的主轴总体结构,分别对主轴的电机、编码器和冷却系统等各零部件进行了设计,对主轴及其主要零部件进行了详细的设计、计算、校核与确定。计算表明,该主轴设计符合要求。主轴在满足刚度、精度等要求下,完成其它(如轴承、轴向调节机构、锁紧机构等)所有零件的设计。绘制了机构总装配图、主要部件图、零件图等,编写了设计说明书。
通过本次设计在巩固、总结大学所学知识的同时,还为今后的学习和工作夯实基矗
关键词:数控车床;无级变速;主轴箱;设计;校核
Abstract
At prese
nt,the rapid developme
nt of CNC machi
ne tools,high-speed,high-precisio
n,complex,
network,extreme,gree
n has become the developme
nt tre
nd of CNC machi
ne tools a
nd directio
n.Chi
na as a ma
nufacturi
ng power,still relyo
n price,resources a
nd other aspects of comparative adva
ntage,a
nd i
n product i
n
novatio
n a
nd i
ndepe
nde
nt developme
nt of foreig
n cou
nterpartswith the gap is still great.Therefore,its research a
nd desig
n is particularlyimporta
nt. This desig
n is the desig
n of CNC lathe stepless speed co
ntrol spi
ndle boxdesig
n.This paper describes the developme
nt history,curre
nt situatio
n a
nd tre
nd of CNC machi
ne tools,a
nd i
ntroduces theworki
ng pri
nciple a
nd keytech
nologyof spi
ndle.The overall desig
n of the machi
ne tool,a
nd the
n determi
ne the overall layout of the machi
ne,a
nd the
n determi
ne the reaso
nable spi
ndle overall structure,respectively,the spi
ndle motor,e
ncoder a
nd cooli
ng systems a
nd other compo
ne
ntswere desig
ned,the mai
n shaft a
nd its mai
n parts Carried out a detailed desig
n,calculatio
n,verificatio
n a
nd determi
natio
n.The calculatio
n shows that the spi
ndle desig
n meets the requireme
nts.The spi
ndle completes the desig
n of all parts(such as beari
ngs,axial adjustme
nt mecha
nism,locki
ng mecha
nism,etc.)to meet the requireme
nts of stiff
ness a
nd precisio
n.Drawi
ng the orga
nizatio
n assemblydiagram,the mai
n parts of the map,parts,etc.,prepared a desig
n ma
nual. Through this desig
n i
n the co
nsolidatio
n,summed up the U
niversityof k
nowledge at the same time,but also for the future studya
ndwork to laya solid fou
ndatio
n. Keywords:CNC lathe; stepless speed cha
nge; spi
ndle box; desig
n; check 目录 摘要I Abstract II 第1章绪论1 1.1数控车床的概述1 1.2国内外研究现状2 1.3数控机床的发展趋势3 1.4本课题研究的目的、意义5 第2章总体方案的设计与确定6 2.1数控车床主轴组件的组成6 2.2机械系统方案的确定6 2.3数控车床主轴组件总体设计方案的确定7 2.4主轴脉冲发生器的安装8 2.5设计参数的确定8 第3章主轴组件的主运动零部件的设计与计算9 3.1主轴电动机的选用9 3.1.1主电机功率估算9 3.1.2主电机选型10 3.2主轴的设计与计算10 3.2.1主轴的结构设计10 3.2.2主轴受力分析11 3.2.3主轴的强度校核13 3.2.4主轴的刚度校核13 3.2.5轴承的配合14 3.2.6主轴轴承设计计算14 3.3同步带的概述及计算16 3.3.1同步带的简介16 3.3.2同步带的特点17 3.3.3同步带传动的主要失效形式17 3.3.4同步带传动的设计准则20 3.3.5同步带分类20 3.3.6同步带的设计计算20 第4章三爪卡盘的设计与计算23 4.1总体框架的设计与确定23 4.2主要参数确定与结构计算24 4.2.1液压腔的结构设计24 4.2.2转子叶片数的设计24 4.2.3摆动角的设计24 4.2.4定子圆柱活塞杠面积的设计24 4.2.5活塞杠的升程25 结论27 致谢28 参考文献29
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nt,the rapid developme
nt of CNC machi
ne tools,high-speed,high-precisio
n,complex,
network,extreme,gree
n has become the developme
nt tre
nd of CNC machi
ne tools a
nd directio
n.Chi
na as a ma
nufacturi
ng power,still relyo
n price,resources a
nd other aspects of comparative adva
ntage,a
nd i
n product i
n
novatio
n a
nd i
ndepe
nde
nt developme
nt of foreig
n cou
nterpartswith the gap is still great.Therefore,its research a
nd desig
n is particularlyimporta
nt. This desig
n is the desig
n of CNC lathe stepless speed co
ntrol spi
ndle boxdesig
n.This paper describes the developme
nt history,curre
nt situatio
n a
nd tre
nd of CNC machi
ne tools,a
nd i
ntroduces theworki
ng pri
nciple a
nd keytech
nologyof spi
ndle.The overall desig
n of the machi
ne tool,a
nd the
n determi
ne the overall layout of the machi
ne,a
nd the
n determi
ne the reaso
nable spi
ndle overall structure,respectively,the spi
ndle motor,e
ncoder a
nd cooli
ng systems a
nd other compo
ne
ntswere desig
ned,the mai
n shaft a
nd its mai
n parts Carried out a detailed desig
n,calculatio
n,verificatio
n a
nd determi
natio
n.The calculatio
n shows that the spi
ndle desig
n meets the requireme
nts.The spi
ndle completes the desig
n of all parts(such as beari
ngs,axial adjustme
nt mecha
nism,locki
ng mecha
nism,etc.)to meet the requireme
nts of stiff
ness a
nd precisio
n.Drawi
ng the orga
nizatio
n assemblydiagram,the mai
n parts of the map,parts,etc.,prepared a desig
n ma
nual. Through this desig
n i
n the co
nsolidatio
n,summed up the U
niversityof k
nowledge at the same time,but also for the future studya
ndwork to laya solid fou
ndatio
n. Keywords:CNC lathe; stepless speed cha
nge; spi
ndle box; desig
n; check 目录 摘要I Abstract II 第1章绪论1 1.1数控车床的概述1 1.2国内外研究现状2 1.3数控机床的发展趋势3 1.4本课题研究的目的、意义5 第2章总体方案的设计与确定6 2.1数控车床主轴组件的组成6 2.2机械系统方案的确定6 2.3数控车床主轴组件总体设计方案的确定7 2.4主轴脉冲发生器的安装8 2.5设计参数的确定8 第3章主轴组件的主运动零部件的设计与计算9 3.1主轴电动机的选用9 3.1.1主电机功率估算9 3.1.2主电机选型10 3.2主轴的设计与计算10 3.2.1主轴的结构设计10 3.2.2主轴受力分析11 3.2.3主轴的强度校核13 3.2.4主轴的刚度校核13 3.2.5轴承的配合14 3.2.6主轴轴承设计计算14 3.3同步带的概述及计算16 3.3.1同步带的简介16 3.3.2同步带的特点17 3.3.3同步带传动的主要失效形式17 3.3.4同步带传动的设计准则20 3.3.5同步带分类20 3.3.6同步带的设计计算20 第4章三爪卡盘的设计与计算23 4.1总体框架的设计与确定23 4.2主要参数确定与结构计算24 4.2.1液压腔的结构设计24 4.2.2转子叶片数的设计24 4.2.3摆动角的设计24 4.2.4定子圆柱活塞杠面积的设计24 4.2.5活塞杠的升程25 结论27 致谢28 参考文献29
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