磁吸附移动机器人机械系统设计
摘要
永磁式爬壁机器人一般使用永磁体作为吸附力的来源,所以在履带的四周会安装有很多的永磁体的小磁块,通过这些磁块产生的吸附力,使机器人拥有足够的吸附力,从而吸附在工件表面上,这些小磁块的吸附力是相同的,不过由于位置的不同而产生的吸附力不同,而这些磁块主要是安置在履带上,又通过履带完成自由的移动。所以磁块的吸附力的能力我们要重点研究分析,同时履带的移动方式和承载能力,以及它的结构和特点都将成为我们的研究重点。
在永磁体方面我们侧重研究几个方面,一个是永磁体的吸附力形式以及稳定性,一个是永磁体安装的可控制性。在移动方式上我们选择了履带式的结构,并通过履带作为永磁体的载体,它们将会随着履带的移动而移动,从而要考虑磁体的吸附方式,要保证吸附力强度的稳定性,同时又不能影响机器人的移动。我们通过ANSYS软件来对永磁体的四周进行分析与研究,从而了解它们的磁性特征,便于我们更有效的利用永磁体。我们将永磁体分布在履带上,从而便于磁体的吸附,这样的设计有利于控制机器人的稳定性,并且缩短了永磁体和壁面之间的距离。为了解决履带应力集中的问题,我么找两个电机作为履带的驱动,从而分别控制两个履带,不但解决了机器人的移动问题,还解决了转向问题。更利于机器人的控制。同时考虑到机器人作业的环境不同,我们分析了机器人的履带松紧度,并采用最常见的履带转向控制方向,采用后轮驱动方式。
在机器人载重方面,我们考虑了机器人的自重,加上设计的载重从而确定履带式永磁体的数量与强度,并且针对履带设计了一种简单了控制结构,从而控制使用的履带数量。并且能加强对机器人机动性的把控,从而更好的操控机器人。另外为了解决机器人工作状态和停止状态的切换而设计了一种吸附力强度控制装置,通过研究永磁体的磁路方式,而解决这个问题。通过对永磁体强度的控制从而使机器人在完成作业后能便于拆卸。
本文将从永磁体,移动方式,机构件,控制方法等多个方面展开研究与设计,并通过AUTOCAD将设计图纸全方位展现出来。
关键词:永磁体;移动方式;设计方案;履带机构设计
Desig
n of mecha
nical system of mobile robot with mag
netic adsorptio
n Abstract The source of perma
ne
nt mag
net type wall climbi
ng robot usi
ng perma
ne
nt mag
net as absorbe
nt,so i
n the track will be i
nstalled arou
nd a small mag
net perma
ne
nt mag
net lot,through the adsorptio
n force of the mag
netic blocks of lo
ngevity,to make the robot ca
n be adsorbed o
n the surface of the mag
netic block,the adsorptio
n force is differe
nt have a stro
ng adsorptio
n force,through the mag
netic block to co
ntrol the robot adsorptio
n o
n the surface of a
n object,a
nd the mag
netic block is mai
nly placed i
n the track,a
nd complete freedom to move through the track.So the adsorptio
n capacity of the mag
netic block we should focus o
n the research a
nd a
nalysis,a
nd to track the moveme
nt a
nd beari
ng capacity,a
nd its structure a
nd characteristics will become the focus of our research. The perma
ne
nt mag
net we focus o
n several aspects,o
ne isthe perma
ne
nt mag
net adsorptio
n force a
nd stability,a perma
ne
nt mag
net is i
nstalled co
ntrol.I
n a mobile way we select the structure of crawler,a
nd through thetrack as the carrier of the perma
ne
nt mag
net,they will move withthemovi
ngtrack,a
ndto co
nsider theadsorptio
nof the mag
net,to e
nsure thestability ofadsorptio
nstre
ngth,while
notmovi
ngtherobot.We use ANSYS software to the surrou
ndi
ng perma
ne
nt mag
netis a
nalyzed,so as to u
ndersta
ndtheir mag
netic characteristics,we ca
nmake more effective use ofperma
ne
nt mag
nets.We willperma
ne
nt mag
net distributio
no
n the track,i
n order to facilitate the adsorptio
nof the mag
net,this desig
n isco
nducive to the stabilityco
ntrol of the robot,a
nd reduced betwee
n the perma
ne
nt mag
net a
nd thewalldista
nce.I
n order to solve the track stress co
nce
ntratio
n problem,we fi
nd two motor as drivi
ng track,which respectively co
ntrol the twotrack,
not o
nly solve theproblemof mobilerobot,but also solves theproblem ofsteeri
ng.More co
nducive to robot co
ntrol.At the same timeco
nsideri
ng therobot worki
ng e
nviro
nme
nt is differe
nt,we a
nalyzed the robottracktight
ness,a
nd themost commo
ntrack steeri
ng co
ntrol directio
n,the rear wheel drivemode. I
n the robottruck,we co
nsiderthe weight ofthe robot,together with the desig
n of theloadto determi
ne the
number a
ndstre
ngth oftrack typeperma
ne
nt mag
net,a
ndthe crawlerdesig
ned asimple co
ntrol structure,so as to co
ntrolthe
number of thetrack.Thisca
n furtheri
ncrease the robotflexibleco
ntrolperforma
nce.I
n order to solve theswitchworki
ng statea
nd stopstateof therobota
nd desig
ns a
nadsorptio
nstre
ngthco
ntrol device,by way ofresearch o
n mag
netic circuitof the perma
ne
nt mag
net,a
ndsolve the problem.Through theco
ntrol of the perma
ne
nt mag
netstre
ngthso that the robotca
n be co
nve
nie
ntly dismou
ntedafter the completio
n of the operatio
n. This article from theperma
ne
nt mag
net,movi
ng mode,mecha
nism,research a
nd desig
n a co
ntrol method,a
nd theAUTOCAD willshowa full ra
nge ofdesig
n drawi
ngs. . Keywords:Perma
ne
nt mag
net;Mode of motio
n;Desig
n scheme;Track mecha
nismdesig
n 目录 摘要II Abstract II 第一章绪论1 1.1磁吸附机器人的应用背景1 1.2爬壁机器人的分类1 1.3磁吸附机器人当前研究概况1 1.4永磁吸附履带式爬壁机器人的特点2 第二章永磁吸附履带式爬壁机器人永磁体单位设计与分析4 2.1吸附单元结构及工作原理4 2.3本章小结5 第三章永磁吸附履带式爬壁机器人动力学机构设计与分析5 3.1机器人运动机构设计6 3.1.1履带平面力学分析6 3.1.2带轮传动布置设计6 3.1.3两种驱动电机7 3.1.4电机驱动能力的分析7 3.1.5减速器的选择9 3.2机器人其他机构设计9 3.2.1履带机构设计9 3.2.2履带张紧机构设计10 3.3本章小结11 第四章永磁式吸附履带式爬壁机器人的控制系统简单介绍12 第五章总结与展望13 致谢14 参考文献15
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n of mecha
nical system of mobile robot with mag
netic adsorptio
n Abstract The source of perma
ne
nt mag
net type wall climbi
ng robot usi
ng perma
ne
nt mag
net as absorbe
nt,so i
n the track will be i
nstalled arou
nd a small mag
net perma
ne
nt mag
net lot,through the adsorptio
n force of the mag
netic blocks of lo
ngevity,to make the robot ca
n be adsorbed o
n the surface of the mag
netic block,the adsorptio
n force is differe
nt have a stro
ng adsorptio
n force,through the mag
netic block to co
ntrol the robot adsorptio
n o
n the surface of a
n object,a
nd the mag
netic block is mai
nly placed i
n the track,a
nd complete freedom to move through the track.So the adsorptio
n capacity of the mag
netic block we should focus o
n the research a
nd a
nalysis,a
nd to track the moveme
nt a
nd beari
ng capacity,a
nd its structure a
nd characteristics will become the focus of our research. The perma
ne
nt mag
net we focus o
n several aspects,o
ne isthe perma
ne
nt mag
net adsorptio
n force a
nd stability,a perma
ne
nt mag
net is i
nstalled co
ntrol.I
n a mobile way we select the structure of crawler,a
nd through thetrack as the carrier of the perma
ne
nt mag
net,they will move withthemovi
ngtrack,a
ndto co
nsider theadsorptio
nof the mag
net,to e
nsure thestability ofadsorptio
nstre
ngth,while
notmovi
ngtherobot.We use ANSYS software to the surrou
ndi
ng perma
ne
nt mag
netis a
nalyzed,so as to u
ndersta
ndtheir mag
netic characteristics,we ca
nmake more effective use ofperma
ne
nt mag
nets.We willperma
ne
nt mag
net distributio
no
n the track,i
n order to facilitate the adsorptio
nof the mag
net,this desig
n isco
nducive to the stabilityco
ntrol of the robot,a
nd reduced betwee
n the perma
ne
nt mag
net a
nd thewalldista
nce.I
n order to solve the track stress co
nce
ntratio
n problem,we fi
nd two motor as drivi
ng track,which respectively co
ntrol the twotrack,
not o
nly solve theproblemof mobilerobot,but also solves theproblem ofsteeri
ng.More co
nducive to robot co
ntrol.At the same timeco
nsideri
ng therobot worki
ng e
nviro
nme
nt is differe
nt,we a
nalyzed the robottracktight
ness,a
nd themost commo
ntrack steeri
ng co
ntrol directio
n,the rear wheel drivemode. I
n the robottruck,we co
nsiderthe weight ofthe robot,together with the desig
n of theloadto determi
ne the
number a
ndstre
ngth oftrack typeperma
ne
nt mag
net,a
ndthe crawlerdesig
ned asimple co
ntrol structure,so as to co
ntrolthe
number of thetrack.Thisca
n furtheri
ncrease the robotflexibleco
ntrolperforma
nce.I
n order to solve theswitchworki
ng statea
nd stopstateof therobota
nd desig
ns a
nadsorptio
nstre
ngthco
ntrol device,by way ofresearch o
n mag
netic circuitof the perma
ne
nt mag
net,a
ndsolve the problem.Through theco
ntrol of the perma
ne
nt mag
netstre
ngthso that the robotca
n be co
nve
nie
ntly dismou
ntedafter the completio
n of the operatio
n. This article from theperma
ne
nt mag
net,movi
ng mode,mecha
nism,research a
nd desig
n a co
ntrol method,a
nd theAUTOCAD willshowa full ra
nge ofdesig
n drawi
ngs. . Keywords:Perma
ne
nt mag
net;Mode of motio
n;Desig
n scheme;Track mecha
nismdesig
n 目录 摘要II Abstract II 第一章绪论1 1.1磁吸附机器人的应用背景1 1.2爬壁机器人的分类1 1.3磁吸附机器人当前研究概况1 1.4永磁吸附履带式爬壁机器人的特点2 第二章永磁吸附履带式爬壁机器人永磁体单位设计与分析4 2.1吸附单元结构及工作原理4 2.3本章小结5 第三章永磁吸附履带式爬壁机器人动力学机构设计与分析5 3.1机器人运动机构设计6 3.1.1履带平面力学分析6 3.1.2带轮传动布置设计6 3.1.3两种驱动电机7 3.1.4电机驱动能力的分析7 3.1.5减速器的选择9 3.2机器人其他机构设计9 3.2.1履带机构设计9 3.2.2履带张紧机构设计10 3.3本章小结11 第四章永磁式吸附履带式爬壁机器人的控制系统简单介绍12 第五章总结与展望13 致谢14 参考文献15
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