后装压缩式垃圾车是一种垃圾后装、后卸、用于压缩收运生活垃圾的环卫车辆,目前,国内市场的后装压缩式垃圾车存在很多问题:污水处理不彻底,易造成二次污染;压缩或推卸垃圾的机构容易受到腐蚀。因此,本次设计着重于解决以上问题,并优化结构设计,完善车辆密封,设计一款性能优良的后装压缩式垃圾车。
参考行业内后装压缩式垃圾车的相关数据,根据给定的设计参数,在选择型号为EQ1095SJ8CD2底盘的基础上,为提高整车载质量,从车厢和压填机构入手,选择了合适的装填角和鼓形车厢,以提高垃圾压缩比进而提高载质量;除此之外,为减小运动机构零部件损坏,对压填机构、卸料机构设计时,在车厢和装填器内侧面加设导轨以减小摩擦力;其次,对装填器的结构进行了强化并增大了装填器有效容积,在其底部设计了污水循环处理系统优化污水处理,与此同时,装填器内部空间的增大,使得压填机构行程增大,优化了刮合轨迹;进而,分析各机构油缸的运动,为避免机构运动发生干涉,对油缸的行程进行了规划,确定了液压元件及系统工作压力并绘制液压油路图;最后,加设翻桶机构,并给装填器增加了盖板,完善了车辆密封。
整车各机构零部件及整车的结构设计使用SOLIDWORKS进行零件的三维建模及运动机构的装配,并使用SOLIDWORKS对车厢、刮板、滑板进行有限元分析,保证了结构的性能并降低了生产成本。
关键词:压缩式垃圾车;压填机构;卸料机构;上料机构
ABSTRACT
The post loadi
ng compressio
n garbage truck is a ki
nd of sa
nitatio
n vehicle which is used to compress, collect a
nd tra
nsport domestic garbage. At prese
nt, there are ma
ny problems i
n the post loadi
ng compressio
n garbage truck i
n the domestic market: the sewage treatme
nt is
not complete, which is easy to cause seco
ndary pollutio
n; the mecha
nism of compressi
ng or pushi
ng garbage is easy to be corroded. Therefore, this desig
n focuses o
n solvi
ng the above problems, optimizi
ng the structural desig
n, improvi
ng the vehicle seali
ng, a
nd desig
ni
ng a good performa
nce after loadi
ng compressio
n garbage truck. I
n order to improve the vehicle's load quality, the appropriate loadi
ng a
ngle a
nd drum shaped carriage are selected from the carriage a
nd the ballast mecha
nism to improve the load quality. I
n additio
n, i
n order to reduce the damage of the movi
ng mecha
nism parts, it is
necessary to I
n the desig
n of the filli
ng mecha
nism a
nd the u
nloadi
ng mecha
nism, a guide rail is added o
n the i
n
ner side of the carriage a
nd the loader to reduce the frictio
n; seco
ndly, the structure of the loader is stre
ngthe
ned a
nd the effective volume of the loader is i
ncreased, a
nd the sewage circulati
ng treatme
nt system is desig
ned at the bottom to optimize the sewage treatme
nt. At the same time, the i
nter
nal space of the loader is i
ncreased, so the travel of the filli
ng mecha
nism is i
ncreased, a
nd the scrapi
ng rail is optimized The
n, the moveme
nt of each mecha
nism oil cyli
nder is a
nalyzed. I
n order to avoid the i
nterfere
nce of mecha
nism moveme
nt, the stroke of oil cyli
nder is pla
n
ned, the worki
ng pressure of hydraulic compo
ne
nts a
nd system is determi
ned, a
nd the hydraulic oil circuit diagram is draw
n. Fi
nally, the bucket tur
ni
ng mecha
nism is added, the cover plate is added to the loader, a
nd the vehicle seal is completed. The three-dime
nsio
nal modeli
ng of the parts a
nd the assembly of the movi
ng mecha
nism are carried out by SolidWorks, a
nd the fi
nite eleme
nt a
nalysis of the carriage, scraper a
nd skateboard is carried out by SolidWorks, so as to e
nsure the performa
nce of the structure a
nd reduce the productio
n cost. Key words: compressio
n garbage truck; compressio
n mecha
nism; u
nloadi
ng mec -ha
nism; loadi
ng mecha
nism 目录 第一章绪论1 课题研究的背景和目的1 国内外研究现状1 国外研究现状1 国内研究现状2 压缩式垃圾车设计的意义及内容2 第二章13m后装压缩式垃圾车整车设计3 整车技术参数确定3 设计要求3 整车技术参数确定3 总体方案确定4 底盘选型4 确定整车质量参数4 2.3.3底盘型号确定8 上装结构设计9 车厢设计9 卸料方式设计10 压缩系统设计12 上料机构设计14 装填器设计15 污水处理系统设计15 第三章液压系统设计17 后装压缩式垃圾车主要工作流程分析17 确定其主要参数17 初选系统工作压力17 计算液压缸的主要结构尺寸18 工况分析19 运动分析19 动力分析23 液压缸的流量27 绘制液压系统工况图27 液压系统压力循环图27 液压系统流量循环图29 功率循环图30 制定液压系统油路图32 液压油路方案图32 制定总液压系统油路总图34 液压元件的选型35 确定液压泵型号35 液压阀的选择36 管道尺寸的确定37 管道内径计算37 3.9油箱容量的确定38 第4章上装结构分析39 车厢结构分析39 车厢建模39 4.1.1车厢有限元分析40 压填机构分析42 压填机构零件建模与装配42 压填机构零件有限元分析45 卸料机构分析48 推铲建模并装配48 推铲有限元分析50 装填器51 装填器建模并装配51 装填器有限元分析54 翻桶机构55 总装配体56 结论57 参考文献58 第一章绪论 课题研究的背景和目的 我国每年生活垃圾总量居世界前列,目前我国不同地区垃圾总量情况不同。 数据显示:垃圾总产量已超过4亿吨,垃圾的回收与利用至关重要,因此,收运垃圾的车辆在垃圾回收与运送过程中扮演了极为重要的角色。与此同时,也出现了很多类型的垃圾车,最典型的车型是后装压缩式垃圾车。 由于后装压缩式垃圾车的工作效率高,交通适应能力强,单车运输成本低、相比其它车型载质量较高,是典型的市场主流车辆,且此型车辆销量每年以10%的速度增长。国内此种车型的设计开发主要针对地、县级城市,很少或几乎不考虑部分正在建设或者资源开发地区垃圾中废料渣土多、密度较大甚至掺杂很多建筑废料等实际情况,从而致使目前市场上的压缩式垃圾车在路面环境比较恶劣、收运垃圾情况比较复杂时故障频发、车厢内部工作机构受腐蚀、破坏严重等诸多问题。因此,设计一款能解决诸多作业问题、适应特殊环境工作、装载质量和废水处理优化的车型具有现实意义。
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ng compressio
n garbage truck is a ki
nd of sa
nitatio
n vehicle which is used to compress, collect a
nd tra
nsport domestic garbage. At prese
nt, there are ma
ny problems i
n the post loadi
ng compressio
n garbage truck i
n the domestic market: the sewage treatme
nt is
not complete, which is easy to cause seco
ndary pollutio
n; the mecha
nism of compressi
ng or pushi
ng garbage is easy to be corroded. Therefore, this desig
n focuses o
n solvi
ng the above problems, optimizi
ng the structural desig
n, improvi
ng the vehicle seali
ng, a
nd desig
ni
ng a good performa
nce after loadi
ng compressio
n garbage truck. I
n order to improve the vehicle's load quality, the appropriate loadi
ng a
ngle a
nd drum shaped carriage are selected from the carriage a
nd the ballast mecha
nism to improve the load quality. I
n additio
n, i
n order to reduce the damage of the movi
ng mecha
nism parts, it is
necessary to I
n the desig
n of the filli
ng mecha
nism a
nd the u
nloadi
ng mecha
nism, a guide rail is added o
n the i
n
ner side of the carriage a
nd the loader to reduce the frictio
n; seco
ndly, the structure of the loader is stre
ngthe
ned a
nd the effective volume of the loader is i
ncreased, a
nd the sewage circulati
ng treatme
nt system is desig
ned at the bottom to optimize the sewage treatme
nt. At the same time, the i
nter
nal space of the loader is i
ncreased, so the travel of the filli
ng mecha
nism is i
ncreased, a
nd the scrapi
ng rail is optimized The
n, the moveme
nt of each mecha
nism oil cyli
nder is a
nalyzed. I
n order to avoid the i
nterfere
nce of mecha
nism moveme
nt, the stroke of oil cyli
nder is pla
n
ned, the worki
ng pressure of hydraulic compo
ne
nts a
nd system is determi
ned, a
nd the hydraulic oil circuit diagram is draw
n. Fi
nally, the bucket tur
ni
ng mecha
nism is added, the cover plate is added to the loader, a
nd the vehicle seal is completed. The three-dime
nsio
nal modeli
ng of the parts a
nd the assembly of the movi
ng mecha
nism are carried out by SolidWorks, a
nd the fi
nite eleme
nt a
nalysis of the carriage, scraper a
nd skateboard is carried out by SolidWorks, so as to e
nsure the performa
nce of the structure a
nd reduce the productio
n cost. Key words: compressio
n garbage truck; compressio
n mecha
nism; u
nloadi
ng mec -ha
nism; loadi
ng mecha
nism 目录 第一章绪论1 课题研究的背景和目的1 国内外研究现状1 国外研究现状1 国内研究现状2 压缩式垃圾车设计的意义及内容2 第二章13m后装压缩式垃圾车整车设计3 整车技术参数确定3 设计要求3 整车技术参数确定3 总体方案确定4 底盘选型4 确定整车质量参数4 2.3.3底盘型号确定8 上装结构设计9 车厢设计9 卸料方式设计10 压缩系统设计12 上料机构设计14 装填器设计15 污水处理系统设计15 第三章液压系统设计17 后装压缩式垃圾车主要工作流程分析17 确定其主要参数17 初选系统工作压力17 计算液压缸的主要结构尺寸18 工况分析19 运动分析19 动力分析23 液压缸的流量27 绘制液压系统工况图27 液压系统压力循环图27 液压系统流量循环图29 功率循环图30 制定液压系统油路图32 液压油路方案图32 制定总液压系统油路总图34 液压元件的选型35 确定液压泵型号35 液压阀的选择36 管道尺寸的确定37 管道内径计算37 3.9油箱容量的确定38 第4章上装结构分析39 车厢结构分析39 车厢建模39 4.1.1车厢有限元分析40 压填机构分析42 压填机构零件建模与装配42 压填机构零件有限元分析45 卸料机构分析48 推铲建模并装配48 推铲有限元分析50 装填器51 装填器建模并装配51 装填器有限元分析54 翻桶机构55 总装配体56 结论57 参考文献58 第一章绪论 课题研究的背景和目的 我国每年生活垃圾总量居世界前列,目前我国不同地区垃圾总量情况不同。 数据显示:垃圾总产量已超过4亿吨,垃圾的回收与利用至关重要,因此,收运垃圾的车辆在垃圾回收与运送过程中扮演了极为重要的角色。与此同时,也出现了很多类型的垃圾车,最典型的车型是后装压缩式垃圾车。 由于后装压缩式垃圾车的工作效率高,交通适应能力强,单车运输成本低、相比其它车型载质量较高,是典型的市场主流车辆,且此型车辆销量每年以10%的速度增长。国内此种车型的设计开发主要针对地、县级城市,很少或几乎不考虑部分正在建设或者资源开发地区垃圾中废料渣土多、密度较大甚至掺杂很多建筑废料等实际情况,从而致使目前市场上的压缩式垃圾车在路面环境比较恶劣、收运垃圾情况比较复杂时故障频发、车厢内部工作机构受腐蚀、破坏严重等诸多问题。因此,设计一款能解决诸多作业问题、适应特殊环境工作、装载质量和废水处理优化的车型具有现实意义。
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