摘要
万向传动轴在汽车上应用比较广泛。发动机前置后轮或全轮驱动汽车行驶时,由于悬架不断变形,变速器或分动器的输出轴与驱动桥输入轴轴线之间的相对位置经常变化,因而普遍采用可伸缩的十字轴万向传动轴。本设计注重实际应用,考虑整车的总体布置,改进了设计方法,力求整车结构及性能更为合理。传动轴是由轴管、万向节、伸缩花键等组成。伸缩套能自动调节变速器与驱动桥之间距离的变化;万向节是保证变速器输出轴与驱动桥输入轴两轴线夹角发生变化时实现两轴的动力传输;万向节由十字轴、十字轴承和凸缘叉等组成。传动轴的布置直接影响十字轴万向节、主减速器的使用寿命,对汽车的振动噪声也有很大影响。在传动轴的设计中,主要考虑传动轴的临界转速,计算传动轴的花键轴和轴管的尺寸,并校核其扭转强度和临界转速,确定出合适的安全系数,合理优化轴与轴之间的角度。
关键字:万向传动轴、伸缩花键、十字轴万向节、临界转速、扭转强度
ABSTRACT
Carda
n shaft is widely used i
n automobiles. Fro
nt e
ngi
ne rear or all wheel drive cars, due to suspe
nsio
n co
nti
nuous deformatio
n, tra
nsmissio
n or sub actuator output shaft a
nd the i
nput shaft axis drive axle relative positio
n betwee
n the cha
nge freque
ntly, so it is ge
nerally adopts a telescopic cross shaft u
niversal tra
nsmissio
n shaft. The desig
n focuses o
n practical applicatio
n, co
nsideri
ng the overall layout of the vehicle, improvi
ng the desig
n method, a
nd strive to be more reaso
nable vehicle structure a
nd performa
nce. The tra
nsmissio
n shaft is composed of a
n axle tube, a u
niversal joi
nt a
nd a telescopic spli
ne. The telescopic sleeve ca
n automatically adjust the tra
nsmissio
n dista
nce betwee
n the drive axle a
nd cha
nge; u
niversal joi
nt is to e
nsure the tra
nsmissio
n output shaft a
nd drive i
nput power tra
nsmissio
n two axis a
nd two axis a
ngle cha
nges; u
niversal joi
nt is composed of a cross shaft, cross beari
ng a
nd fla
nge fork. The arra
ngeme
nt of the tra
nsmissio
n shaft directly affects the service life of the cross shaft u
niversal joi
nt a
nd the mai
n reducer. I
n the desig
n of drive shaft, mai
nly co
nsideri
ng the critical speed of drive shaft, spli
ne shaft a
nd tube size calculatio
n of the drive shaft, a
nd check its torsio
nal stre
ngth a
nd critical speed, determi
ne the appropriate safety factors, reaso
nable optimizatio
n betwee
n the shaft a
nd the shaft a
ngle. Key words: u
niversal tra
nsmissio
n shaft, telescopic spli
ne, cross shaft u
niversal joi
nt 目录 1绪论1 1.1本课题研究的意义与目的1 1.2国内外发展概况1 2传动轴设计5 2.1万向节传动的运动分析5 2.1.1万向节传动(普通十字轴万向节) 5 2.1.2双万向节传动6 2.1.3多万向节传动(普通十字轴式万向节) 5 2.1.4万向传动的计算载荷9 2.1.5万向节的设计计算10 2.2传动轴的设计13 2.3花键的设计16 2.4中间支承16 3万向传动轴的设计计算19 3.1传动轴结构方案的选择19 3.2传动轴转矩计算19 3.3传动轴的内外径尺寸21 3.4花键设计计算21 3.5万向节的计算22 3.6传动轴布置23 3.7花键的滑动长度计算28 4总结展望29 致谢34 参考文献35 第一章绪论 1.1本课题研究的意义与目的 传动轴是发动机前置后驱汽车的动力传递重要组成部分,本设计注重实际运用,是建立在参考国内轿车的动力设计的基础之上,考虑整车的总体布置,改进了一些设计方法,力求整车结构及性能更为合理,使用寿命更长,振动噪声更小。本设计中的传动轴是两节的,由十字轴万向节连接。传动轴是由轴管、伸缩花键套和万向节组成。伸缩套能自动调节变速器与驱动桥之间距离的变化。万向节是保证变速器输出轴与驱动桥输入轴两轴线夹角发生变化时实现两轴的动力传输。万向节是由十字轴、十字轴承和凸缘叉等组成。传动轴的布置直接影响十字轴万向节、主减速器的使用寿命,对汽车的振动噪声也有很大影响。在传动轴的设计中,主要考虑传动轴的临界转速,分析出传动轴的花键轴和轴管的尺寸,并校核了其扭转强度和临界转速,确定出合适的安全系数,更合理优化了轴与轴之间的角度。采用新方法计算
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n shaft is widely used i
n automobiles. Fro
nt e
ngi
ne rear or all wheel drive cars, due to suspe
nsio
n co
nti
nuous deformatio
n, tra
nsmissio
n or sub actuator output shaft a
nd the i
nput shaft axis drive axle relative positio
n betwee
n the cha
nge freque
ntly, so it is ge
nerally adopts a telescopic cross shaft u
niversal tra
nsmissio
n shaft. The desig
n focuses o
n practical applicatio
n, co
nsideri
ng the overall layout of the vehicle, improvi
ng the desig
n method, a
nd strive to be more reaso
nable vehicle structure a
nd performa
nce. The tra
nsmissio
n shaft is composed of a
n axle tube, a u
niversal joi
nt a
nd a telescopic spli
ne. The telescopic sleeve ca
n automatically adjust the tra
nsmissio
n dista
nce betwee
n the drive axle a
nd cha
nge; u
niversal joi
nt is to e
nsure the tra
nsmissio
n output shaft a
nd drive i
nput power tra
nsmissio
n two axis a
nd two axis a
ngle cha
nges; u
niversal joi
nt is composed of a cross shaft, cross beari
ng a
nd fla
nge fork. The arra
ngeme
nt of the tra
nsmissio
n shaft directly affects the service life of the cross shaft u
niversal joi
nt a
nd the mai
n reducer. I
n the desig
n of drive shaft, mai
nly co
nsideri
ng the critical speed of drive shaft, spli
ne shaft a
nd tube size calculatio
n of the drive shaft, a
nd check its torsio
nal stre
ngth a
nd critical speed, determi
ne the appropriate safety factors, reaso
nable optimizatio
n betwee
n the shaft a
nd the shaft a
ngle. Key words: u
niversal tra
nsmissio
n shaft, telescopic spli
ne, cross shaft u
niversal joi
nt 目录 1绪论1 1.1本课题研究的意义与目的1 1.2国内外发展概况1 2传动轴设计5 2.1万向节传动的运动分析5 2.1.1万向节传动(普通十字轴万向节) 5 2.1.2双万向节传动6 2.1.3多万向节传动(普通十字轴式万向节) 5 2.1.4万向传动的计算载荷9 2.1.5万向节的设计计算10 2.2传动轴的设计13 2.3花键的设计16 2.4中间支承16 3万向传动轴的设计计算19 3.1传动轴结构方案的选择19 3.2传动轴转矩计算19 3.3传动轴的内外径尺寸21 3.4花键设计计算21 3.5万向节的计算22 3.6传动轴布置23 3.7花键的滑动长度计算28 4总结展望29 致谢34 参考文献35 第一章绪论 1.1本课题研究的意义与目的 传动轴是发动机前置后驱汽车的动力传递重要组成部分,本设计注重实际运用,是建立在参考国内轿车的动力设计的基础之上,考虑整车的总体布置,改进了一些设计方法,力求整车结构及性能更为合理,使用寿命更长,振动噪声更小。本设计中的传动轴是两节的,由十字轴万向节连接。传动轴是由轴管、伸缩花键套和万向节组成。伸缩套能自动调节变速器与驱动桥之间距离的变化。万向节是保证变速器输出轴与驱动桥输入轴两轴线夹角发生变化时实现两轴的动力传输。万向节是由十字轴、十字轴承和凸缘叉等组成。传动轴的布置直接影响十字轴万向节、主减速器的使用寿命,对汽车的振动噪声也有很大影响。在传动轴的设计中,主要考虑传动轴的临界转速,分析出传动轴的花键轴和轴管的尺寸,并校核了其扭转强度和临界转速,确定出合适的安全系数,更合理优化了轴与轴之间的角度。采用新方法计算
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