摘要
随着国内外汽车业的蓬勃发展,汽车维修行业也随之得到大力发展,汽车举升机是现代汽车维修作业中必不可少的设备,其中举升机的安全可靠性,使用方便是大家一直以来研究的重点。本设计主要围绕剪是举升机进行设计研究的。主要因为剪刀式举升机使用方便,占地空间较小,受到很多实力雄厚的特约维修站的欢迎,这也是未来举升机的发展方向。本文首先对剪刀式举升机的整体结构,各部件尺寸,运动形式进行确定,建立力学模型,并对每个举升臂进行受力分析,确定结构和选材的合理性。之后建立Pro/E与ANSYS的集成接口,将利用Pro/E三维建模后的主要部件导入有限元软件ANSYS中进行汽车剪刀式举升机的强度、刚度、稳定性及动态特性等方面的计算机有限元分析与研究,找出结构强度的不合理处,进行结构优化设计和改进。将改进和优化后的结构反应到Pro/E三维建模中,完成整机装配。通过有限元软件ANSYS对剪刀式举升机进行分析,可以代替剪刀式举升机物理样机的前期试验,提供更多的理论参考,进一步提高汽车剪刀式举升机的稳定性和可靠性。
关键词:剪刀式举升机;力学模型;Pro/E三维建模;有限元分析;结构设计
ABSTRACT
At home a
nd abroad with the rapid developme
nt of automobile i
ndustry, car repairi
ndustry have also bee
n vigorously the developme
nt of Hyu
ndai Motor vehicle lift is esse
ntial for mai
nte
na
nce of equipme
nt operatio
ns, which lift the security a
nd reliability, ease of use is that we have bee
n Si
nce the focus of the study. The mai
n focus of this desig
n is shear lift desig
n study. Scissors-type lift mai
nly because of ease of use, occupyi
ng less space, subject to a
number of powerful special welcome service statio
n, which is the future directio
n of developme
nt of lift. I
n this paper, scissors-type lift to the overall structure,thecompo
ne
nts of size, to determi
ne the form of moveme
nt, the establishme
nt of the mecha
nical model, a
nd stress a
nalysis of each lifti
ng arm to determi
ne the structure a
nd material selectio
n reaso
nable. After the establishme
nt of Pro / E i
ntegrated with the ANSYS i
nterface, will use the Pro / E after the three-dime
nsio
nal modeli
ng of the mai
n compo
ne
nts i
nto fi
nite eleme
nt software ANSYS i
n scissors-type vehicle lift of stre
ngth, stiff
ness, stability a
nd dy
namic characteristics, etc. fi
nite eleme
nt a
nalysis a
nd computer studies to fi
nd out the structural stre
ngth of the u
nreaso
nable, the structural optimizatio
n of the desig
n a
nd improveme
nt. Will be improved a
nd optimized the structure of the respo
nse to the Pro / E three-dime
nsio
nal modeli
ng, the complete machi
ne assembly. Through the fi
nite eleme
nt software ANSYS to a
nalyze the scissors-type lift, ca
n replace the scissors-type lift the pre-physical prototype testi
ng, to provide more theoretical refere
nce, scissors-style cfurther e
nha
nce the stability a
nd reliability of lift. Key words: Scissors-type lift;Mecha
nics Modeli
ng ;Pro / E three-dime
nsio
nal modeli
ng Fi
nite Eleme
nt A
nalysis;Structural Optimizatio
n 目录 摘要………………………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………Ⅱ 第1章绪论……………………………………………………………………………1 1.1选择背景研究目的及意义………………………………………………………1 1.2国内外研究现状…………………………………………………………………2 1.2.1举升机的发展历史………………………………………………………2 1.2.2国内外研究状况…………………………………………………………2 1.3研究内容与研究方法……………………………………………………………3 1.3.1研究内容……………………………………………………………3 1.3.2研究方法……………………………………………………………3 第2章剪刀式举升机结构设计……………………………………………………4 2.1举升机结构确定…………………………………………………………4 2.1.1举升机整体结构形式及基本组成………………………………………4 2.1.2举升机各零部件之间的连接关系………………………………………5 2.2初步确定剪刀式举升机的各结构尺寸…………………………………5 2.2.1建立轿车模型……………………………………………………………5 2.2.2剪刀式举升机主要结构尺寸……………………………………………6 2.3举升机在地面上安装尺寸………………………………………………………8 2.4剪刀式举升机各部件重量………………………………………………………8 2.5初定电机功率………………………………………………………………9 2.6本章小结………………………………………………………………………10 第3章剪刀式举升机机构建模…………………………………………………11 3.1剪刀式举升机构力学模型……………………………………………………11 3.1.1举升机构力学模型建立与分析…………………………………………11 3.1.2举升机构关键参数研究与确定……………………………………14 3.1.3液压缸推力………………………………………………………………14 3.2举升机的力学分析与计算………………………………………………………14 3.2.1举升机最低状态时,各杆受力与校核…………………………………15 3.2.2举升机举升到最高位置时,各臂受力情况……………………………17 3.2.3剪刀式举升机构主要受力杆件强度校核计算…………………………18 3.2.4连接螺栓的校核…………………………………………………………25 3.3结构加强措施……………………………………………………………………27 3.4本章小结…………………………………………………………………………28 第4章Pro/E三维建模与整机装配…………………………………………… 29 4.1 Pro/ENGINEER软件简介……………………………………………………… 29 4.2利用Pro/E进行三维建模………………………………………………………30 4.2.1轴的建立…………………………………………………………………30 4.2.2举升臂2的建立…………………………………………………………31 4.3整机装配………………………………………………………………………32 4.3.1装配概述……………………………………………………………… 32 4.3.2 Pro/E实体建模后的整体装图……………………………………… 33 4.3.3干涉检查……………………………………………………………… 35 4.4本章小结…………………………………………………………………………35 第5章举升机有限元分析………………………………………………………………36 5.1 ANSYS有限元分析软件介绍……………………………………………………36 5.2 Pro/E与ANSYS接口的创建……………………………………………………36 5.3利用ANSYS对举升机进行有限元受力分析……………………………………38 5.3.1滑轮轴有限元受力分析…………………………………………………38 5.3.2活塞杆作用轴的有限元受力分析……………………………………42 5.3.3平台有限元分析………………………………………………………44 5.4本章小结…………………………………………………………………………46 第6章液压系统和电气系统的选择…………………………………………47 6.1液压系统…………………………………………………………………………47 6.1.1液压系统组成……………………………………………………………47 6.2液压系统的选择…………………………………………………………………49 6.2.1汽车举升机液压系统设计要求…………………………………………49 6.2.2液压系统的设计………………………………………………………49 6.3液压缸的计算与选型……………………………………………………………51 6.3.1液压缸的安装位置………………………………………………………51 6.3.2举升机液压缸推力及行程的确定………………………………………52 6.3.3液压缸的选型……………………………………………………………52 6.4液压泵的计算与选型……………………………………………………………52 6.4.1液压泵工作压力的计算…………………………………………………52 6.4.2液压泵功率的计算………………………………………………………53 6.4.3油泵流量的计算…………………………………………………………54 6.4.4油泵的选型………………………………………………………………54 6.5电气系统设计……………………………………………………………………54 6.5.1电气系统组成……………………………………………………………54 6.5.2电气系统控制设计………………………………………………………55 6.5.3电动机类型的选择………………………………………………………57 6.5.4功率………………………………………………………………………58 6.5.5电动机的选择与验算……………………………………………………58 6.6本章小结…………………………………………………………………………59 结论………………………………………………………………………………………60 参考文献………………………………………………………………………………61 致谢………………………………………………………………………………………63 附录A…………………………………………………………………………………64 附录B…………………………………………………………………………………66 附录C…………………………………………………………………………………68 附录D…………………………………………………………………………………69
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nd abroad with the rapid developme
nt of automobile i
ndustry, car repairi
ndustry have also bee
n vigorously the developme
nt of Hyu
ndai Motor vehicle lift is esse
ntial for mai
nte
na
nce of equipme
nt operatio
ns, which lift the security a
nd reliability, ease of use is that we have bee
n Si
nce the focus of the study. The mai
n focus of this desig
n is shear lift desig
n study. Scissors-type lift mai
nly because of ease of use, occupyi
ng less space, subject to a
number of powerful special welcome service statio
n, which is the future directio
n of developme
nt of lift. I
n this paper, scissors-type lift to the overall structure,thecompo
ne
nts of size, to determi
ne the form of moveme
nt, the establishme
nt of the mecha
nical model, a
nd stress a
nalysis of each lifti
ng arm to determi
ne the structure a
nd material selectio
n reaso
nable. After the establishme
nt of Pro / E i
ntegrated with the ANSYS i
nterface, will use the Pro / E after the three-dime
nsio
nal modeli
ng of the mai
n compo
ne
nts i
nto fi
nite eleme
nt software ANSYS i
n scissors-type vehicle lift of stre
ngth, stiff
ness, stability a
nd dy
namic characteristics, etc. fi
nite eleme
nt a
nalysis a
nd computer studies to fi
nd out the structural stre
ngth of the u
nreaso
nable, the structural optimizatio
n of the desig
n a
nd improveme
nt. Will be improved a
nd optimized the structure of the respo
nse to the Pro / E three-dime
nsio
nal modeli
ng, the complete machi
ne assembly. Through the fi
nite eleme
nt software ANSYS to a
nalyze the scissors-type lift, ca
n replace the scissors-type lift the pre-physical prototype testi
ng, to provide more theoretical refere
nce, scissors-style cfurther e
nha
nce the stability a
nd reliability of lift. Key words: Scissors-type lift;Mecha
nics Modeli
ng ;Pro / E three-dime
nsio
nal modeli
ng Fi
nite Eleme
nt A
nalysis;Structural Optimizatio
n 目录 摘要………………………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………Ⅱ 第1章绪论……………………………………………………………………………1 1.1选择背景研究目的及意义………………………………………………………1 1.2国内外研究现状…………………………………………………………………2 1.2.1举升机的发展历史………………………………………………………2 1.2.2国内外研究状况…………………………………………………………2 1.3研究内容与研究方法……………………………………………………………3 1.3.1研究内容……………………………………………………………3 1.3.2研究方法……………………………………………………………3 第2章剪刀式举升机结构设计……………………………………………………4 2.1举升机结构确定…………………………………………………………4 2.1.1举升机整体结构形式及基本组成………………………………………4 2.1.2举升机各零部件之间的连接关系………………………………………5 2.2初步确定剪刀式举升机的各结构尺寸…………………………………5 2.2.1建立轿车模型……………………………………………………………5 2.2.2剪刀式举升机主要结构尺寸……………………………………………6 2.3举升机在地面上安装尺寸………………………………………………………8 2.4剪刀式举升机各部件重量………………………………………………………8 2.5初定电机功率………………………………………………………………9 2.6本章小结………………………………………………………………………10 第3章剪刀式举升机机构建模…………………………………………………11 3.1剪刀式举升机构力学模型……………………………………………………11 3.1.1举升机构力学模型建立与分析…………………………………………11 3.1.2举升机构关键参数研究与确定……………………………………14 3.1.3液压缸推力………………………………………………………………14 3.2举升机的力学分析与计算………………………………………………………14 3.2.1举升机最低状态时,各杆受力与校核…………………………………15 3.2.2举升机举升到最高位置时,各臂受力情况……………………………17 3.2.3剪刀式举升机构主要受力杆件强度校核计算…………………………18 3.2.4连接螺栓的校核…………………………………………………………25 3.3结构加强措施……………………………………………………………………27 3.4本章小结…………………………………………………………………………28 第4章Pro/E三维建模与整机装配…………………………………………… 29 4.1 Pro/ENGINEER软件简介……………………………………………………… 29 4.2利用Pro/E进行三维建模………………………………………………………30 4.2.1轴的建立…………………………………………………………………30 4.2.2举升臂2的建立…………………………………………………………31 4.3整机装配………………………………………………………………………32 4.3.1装配概述……………………………………………………………… 32 4.3.2 Pro/E实体建模后的整体装图……………………………………… 33 4.3.3干涉检查……………………………………………………………… 35 4.4本章小结…………………………………………………………………………35 第5章举升机有限元分析………………………………………………………………36 5.1 ANSYS有限元分析软件介绍……………………………………………………36 5.2 Pro/E与ANSYS接口的创建……………………………………………………36 5.3利用ANSYS对举升机进行有限元受力分析……………………………………38 5.3.1滑轮轴有限元受力分析…………………………………………………38 5.3.2活塞杆作用轴的有限元受力分析……………………………………42 5.3.3平台有限元分析………………………………………………………44 5.4本章小结…………………………………………………………………………46 第6章液压系统和电气系统的选择…………………………………………47 6.1液压系统…………………………………………………………………………47 6.1.1液压系统组成……………………………………………………………47 6.2液压系统的选择…………………………………………………………………49 6.2.1汽车举升机液压系统设计要求…………………………………………49 6.2.2液压系统的设计………………………………………………………49 6.3液压缸的计算与选型……………………………………………………………51 6.3.1液压缸的安装位置………………………………………………………51 6.3.2举升机液压缸推力及行程的确定………………………………………52 6.3.3液压缸的选型……………………………………………………………52 6.4液压泵的计算与选型……………………………………………………………52 6.4.1液压泵工作压力的计算…………………………………………………52 6.4.2液压泵功率的计算………………………………………………………53 6.4.3油泵流量的计算…………………………………………………………54 6.4.4油泵的选型………………………………………………………………54 6.5电气系统设计……………………………………………………………………54 6.5.1电气系统组成……………………………………………………………54 6.5.2电气系统控制设计………………………………………………………55 6.5.3电动机类型的选择………………………………………………………57 6.5.4功率………………………………………………………………………58 6.5.5电动机的选择与验算……………………………………………………58 6.6本章小结…………………………………………………………………………59 结论………………………………………………………………………………………60 参考文献………………………………………………………………………………61 致谢………………………………………………………………………………………63 附录A…………………………………………………………………………………64 附录B…………………………………………………………………………………66 附录C…………………………………………………………………………………68 附录D…………………………………………………………………………………69
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