机械5

基于PLC控制的电磁换向阀试验台设计 摘要 现代液压技术已经发展成传动、控制和检测为一体，数字化、自动化相辅相成的液压传动系统。而教学试验台是液压系统的开发及数据检测的基础，液压系统的工业发展，促进了液压试验台的研究和发展。 本设计采用模块化设计方法，对现代液压控制系统液压试验台进行设计。液压试验台的元件结构与功能、控制系统的使用和设计与可编程控制器以及调速回路的分析与仿真在液压试验台的应用进行了研究。该设计基于PLC控制的电磁换向阀试验台控制系统，编制了基于可编程控制器（PLC）的液压试验台控制系统程序。试验台实验包含4个部分：节流阀进油节流调速回路的速度-负载特性、节流阀回油节流调速回路的速度-负载特性、节流阀旁路节流调速回路的速度-负载特性、调速阀进油节流调速回路的速度-负载特性。 节流调速回路是液压系统中的核心组成部分，也是教学试验台的重要实验之一。它可以让学生充分的了解液压实验，更好的投入到液压实验当中。传统的液压试验台已经满不足当代的液压实验要求，机电液与计算机相结合才是液压系统的发展趋势，在液压试验台技术的先进性至关重要。 关键词：液压试验台；可编程控制器；液压系统；仿真 Desig
n of Electromag
netic Commutatio
n Valve Test Be
nch Based o
n PLC Co
ntrol Abstract Moder
n hydraulic tech
nology has developed i
nto a hydraulic tra
nsmissio
n system which i
ntegrates tra
nsmissio
n, co
ntrol a
nd detectio
n, a
nd is compleme
nted by digitalizatio
n a
nd automatio
n. The teachi
ng test-bed is the basis of the developme
nt of hydraulic system a
nd data detectio
n. The i
ndustrial developme
nt of hydraulic system promotes the research a
nd developme
nt of hydraulic test-bed. This desig
n adopts modular desig
n method to desig
n the hydraulic test-bed of moder
n hydraulic co
ntrol system. The structure a
nd fu
nctio
n of the compo
ne
nts, the use a
nd desig
n of the co
ntrol system, the a
nalysis a
nd Simulatio
n of the programmable co
ntroller a
nd the speed regulati
ng circuit of the hydraulic test-bed are studied. The co
ntrol system of electromag
netic reversi
ng valve test-bed based o
n PLC co
ntrol is desig
ned, a
nd the co
ntrol system program of hydraulic test-bed based o
n programmable logic co
ntroller (PLC) is compiled. The test-bed experime
nt co
nsists of four parts: speed-load characteristics of throttle valve i
nlet throttle speed regulati
ng circuit, speed-load characteristics of throttle valve retur
n throttle speed regulati
ng circuit, speed-load characteristics of throttle valve bypass throttle speed regulati
ng circuit, a
nd speed-load characteristics of throttle valve i
nlet throttle speed regulati
ng circuit. Throttle speed regulatio
n circuit is the core compo
ne
nt of hydraulic system, a
nd also o
ne of the importa
nt experime
nts of teachi
ng test-bed. It ca
n e
nable stude
nts to fully u
ndersta
nd the hydraulic experime
nt, better put i
nto the hydraulic experime
nt. The traditio
nal hydraulic test-bed has bee
n i
nsufficie
nt to meet the requireme
nts of co
ntemporary hydraulic test. The combi
natio
n of electro-hydraulic a
nd computer is the developme
nt tre
nd of hydraulic system, a
nd the adva
nceme
nt of hydraulic test-bed tech
nology is very importa
nt. Key words: Hydraulic test be
nch;Programmable co
ntroller;Hydraulic system;Simulatio
n 目录 摘要i Abstract ii 1引言1 1.1液压系统的发展状况1 1.2 PLC的发展状况2 1.3课程研究的意义3 2液压系统设计方案5 2.1液压缸的设计5 2.1.1工作液压缸设计6 2.1.2加载液压缸设计9 2.1.3液压缸流量计算9 2.2系统回路的设计9 2.2.1确定基本回路9 2.2.2制定基本方案10 2.2.3液压系统图设计10 2.3供能装置12 2.3.1液压泵的选择12 2.3.2电动机的选择13 2.3.3安装与连接14 2.4液压阀元件16 2.4.1方向控制阀16 2.4.2流量控制阀17 2.4.3压力控制阀18 2.4.4液压阀的选用19 2.5液压辅助元件19 2.5.1油箱容量19 2.5.2液压油的选择20 2.5.3液压管道尺寸的确定20 2.5.4其他辅助元件22 2.6液压系统计算22 2.6.1损失计算22 2.6.2液压系统热功率23 2.7液压装置的整体设计26 2.7.1结构布局26 2.7.2液压阀的联接27 2.7.3试验台的设计27 3电磁换向阀试验台控制系统设计29 3.1总体设计方案29 3.1.1控制方案设计29 3.1.2信号量方案设计30 3.2 PLC控制程序设计31 3.2.1 PLC型号的选择31 3.2.2建立输入输出地址分配表32 3.2.3 PLC外部接线33 3.2.4电机控制原理设计34 3.2.5显示器选用35 3.2.6控制面板设计35 3.3 PLC程序设计36 3.3.1程序初始化37 3.3.2加载子程序38 3.3.3加载子程序梯形图39 3.3.4电机正反转梯形图40 4试验台回路分析41 4.1进油节流调速41 4.2回油节流调速42 4.3旁路节流调速回路43 4.4调速阀进油节流调速回路44 4.5特点与应用45 5液压仿真软件在试验台的应用46 5.1 FluidSIM-H液压仿真软件46 5.2 FluidSIM-H的CAD功能在试验台上的应用47 5.3仿真数据的显示50 5.4 FluidSIM-H液压仿真软件教学中应用52 5.5仿真软件在试验台设计作用53 结束语54 附录56 参考文献59 致谢61