机械5

白菜收获机的设计与研究 摘要 近些年以来我国大型白菜农业种植收获方式由分散向多个基地逐步集中,耕作管理方式也由原来的基地粗放型逐渐转向精细型,在白菜种植收获过程中会经常用到拖拉机进行快速翻地、耕地、起垄等作业。但是,我国现代蔬菜种植生产收过程的机械化技术水平却依旧落后,同时国内对蔬菜种植生产与收获过程机械的深入研究也是非常少。现阶段我国白菜生产和收获的方式依旧是需要大量农业畜力和其他人工劳动作业,这就必然使得农业劳动力生产成本在我国白菜生产中占有较大的占用比重,影响经济效益。本文的目的是要针对现阶段白菜种植的实际情况，改良白菜收获机的个别机构，从而提高收获机的工作效率，减少成本。 目前国内外对白菜收获机构的研究较少，所以本课题主要参照现有的甘蓝收获机和甜菜收获机来设计。本文设计希望能够通过研究白菜收获机的发展趋势，并结合当前国内典型的甘蓝收获机的装置结构进行研究展开。通过借鉴现有机型的设计优点改进设计出相关新机型的雏形，按照构想设计出一款能够实现一次性实现切根、拾取、升运等工作的机型。 通过对比国内各机型的机构部件设计，综合其优点，以希望实现提高白菜收获效率的目标。该课题具体目标如下：通过减少人力辅助强度、同时减轻白菜破损程度，从而提高白菜收获质量。目前国内白菜收获机的作业效率已经满足了小型种植户的需求，但距离生产收获全自动化的要求依旧相差甚远。因此要想实现白菜大规模的收获，全自动机械化机型的发展势在必行。 关键词：白菜收获机；结构设计；提升运输机构；柔性夹持装置； 英文摘要 Desig
n a
nd research of Chi
nese cabbage harvester Abstract I
n rece
nt years, the pla
nti
ng a
nd harvesti
ng methods of large-scale Chi
nese cabbage agriculture i
n Chi
na have bee
n gradually ce
ntralized from scattered to multiple bases, a
nd the cultivatio
n a
nd ma
nageme
nt methods have also bee
n gradually tra
nsformed from exte
nsive base to fi
ne base. I
n the process of Chi
nese cabbage pla
nti
ng a
nd harvesti
ng, tractors are ofte
n used to carry out rapid la
nd tur
ni
ng, plowi
ng a
nd ridgi
ng.However, the mecha
nizatio
n tech
nology level of moder
n vegetable pla
nti
ng, productio
n a
nd harvesti
ng process i
n Chi
na is still backward, a
nd at the same time, the i
n-depth research o
n vegetable pla
nti
ng, productio
n a
nd harvesti
ng process machi
nery is very few i
n Chi
na.At the prese
nt stage, the productio
n a
nd harvest of Chi
nese cabbage is still i
n
need of a large
number of agricultural livestock a
nd other ma
nual labor operatio
ns, which will i
nevitably make the cost of agricultural labor i
n the productio
n of Chi
nese cabbage occupies a large proportio
n, affecti
ng eco
nomic be
nefits.The purpose of this paper is to improve the i
ndividual mecha
nism of Chi
nese cabbage harvester accordi
ng to the actual situatio
n of Chi
nese cabbage pla
nti
ng at the prese
nt stage, so as to improve the worki
ng efficie
ncy of Chi
nese cabbage harvester a
nd reduce the cost. At prese
nt, there are few researches o
n Chi
nese cabbage harvesti
ng i
nstitutio
ns at home a
nd abroad, so this topic mai
nly refers to the existi
ng cabbage harvester a
nd beet harvester to desig
n.The paper aims to study the developme
nt tre
nd of cabbage harvester a
nd the device structure of typical cabbage harvester i
n Chi
na.By drawi
ng o
n the desig
n adva
ntages of the existi
ng models to improve the desig
n of the releva
nt
new models of the prototype, accordi
ng to the pla
n to desig
n a o
ne-time impleme
ntatio
n of root cutti
ng, picki
ng, lifti
ng a
nd other work of the model. By compari
ng the desig
n of mecha
nism compo
ne
nts of various models i
n Chi
na, a
nd sy
nthesizi
ng their adva
ntages, we hope to achieve the goal of improvi
ng the harvest efficie
ncy of Chi
nese cabbage.The specific objectives of this project are as follows: to improve the harvest quality of Chi
nese cabbage by reduci
ng the i
nte
nsity of huma
n assista
nce a
nd reduci
ng the degree of breakage of Chi
nese cabbage.At prese
nt, the operati
ng efficie
ncy of Chi
nese cabbage harvester has met the
needs of small-scale farmers, but it is still far from the requireme
nts of full automatio
n of productio
n a
nd harvest.Therefore, if large-scale harvest of cabbage is to be realized, the developme
nt of fully automatic a
nd mecha
nized models is imperative. Keywords: Chi
nese cabbage harvester;Structural desig
n; Lifti
ng tra
nsport mecha
nism；Flexible clampi
ng device; 目录 1引言1 1.1白菜收获机的应用前景1 1.2白菜收获机的研究现状2 1.2.1国外研究现状2 1.2.2国内研究现状3 1.3大白菜的物理特性5 2技术任务书6 2.1白菜收获机的结构与工作原理6 2.1.1白菜收获机的组成6 2.1.2白菜收获机基本工作原理6 2.2白菜收获机的关键技术6 2.2.1扶正机构6 2.2.2提升运输机构7 3设计计算说明书7 3.1总体方案设计7 3.1.1白菜收获机总体简介7 3.1.2提升运输装置简介8 3.1.3输送机构简介8 3.2主要机构的设计9 3.2.1切削机构的设计9 3.2.1.1切削刀的工作情况9 3.2.1.2切削刀的选用9 3.2.1.3刀片的设计9 3.2.1.4刀片的选材10 3.2.1.5压刀板和刀杆的设计10 3.2.2锁紧机构的设计10 3.2.2.1锁紧机构工作原理分析10 3.2.2.2斜楔的设计11 3.2.2.3滑动块的设计12 3.2.2.4导轨的设计13 3.2.3防松装置的设计14 3.2.3.1压块的设计14 3.2.3.2开槽体和支架的设计15 3.2.3.3防松柱销的设计15 3.2.3.4螺纹空管的设计15 3.2.3.5手柄的设计15 3.2.3.6弹簧固定杆的设计16 3.2.3.7弹簧的选材16 3.2.4提升运输装置主要零部件的设计16 3.2.4.1机架的设计16 3.2.4.2夹持输送装置设计计算17 3.2.4.3夹持张紧机构的设计21 3.2.4.4夹持装置传动系统的设计24 3.2.4.5夹持皮带轴的设计计算27 3.2.4.6皮带轴强度校核29 3.2.4.7端盖的设计32 3.2.4.8支承轴的设计32 3.2.5输送机构的设计33 3.2.5.1输送机构的组成33 3.2.5.2输送带速的确定34 3.2.5.3张紧装置的设计34 3.2.5.4滚筒的设计35 3.2.5.5输送带的选取36 3.2.5.6支承轴的设计36 3.2.5.7滑架的设计38 3.2.5.8机架的设计39 3.2.5.9支撑板的设计39 4使用说明书40 结论41 参考文献42 致谢44