基于plc的液压传动钻孔机械手控制系统设计
摘要
本文章是根据目前国内外机械人的发展趋势选用PLC控制的液压机械手进行研究。它采用了一种四自由度多关节坐标点位伺服控制机器人,它的控制方式由一个目标点移向另一个目标点,只是在这个目标点上完成操作。选择液压其原因主要是液压压力高,可以获得很大的输入力,流量轻便简单,可实现无级调速,反应灵敏。该钻孔式机械手是由各种机械系统、驱动系统、控制装置等组成的一种钻孔式专用工业机械手,是比较典型的机电液一体化的系统。在工业领域被广泛使用。液压部分在整个系统中来说是比较重要的一部分,在这个新的液压部分系统中,是由PLC通过自动控制其上下运动电磁阀的一根自动电磁管铸铁,进一步的来实现对于一个工业机械手各个人体运动系统动作的自我控制。在通过系统分析对输入和输出数据采集的需求,合理的选择PLC控制系统[3]、I/O模块、A/D模块进行信息转换。之后通过继电器梯形图语言(LD)编程实现机身旋转、手臂伸缩完成钻孔。然后在绘制液压原理图以及机械手的设计。
本课题的研究是将机械与计算机相互结合,体现出机电一体化的优越性。同时也符合时代需求,不仅仅是单纯的传统机械。而是一种灵活性与通用性相结合的机械式电子设备,能够让使用者具有各种类似与人或其他生物体的动作和功能,同时也具有一定程度的智能,自主地进行一些操作。所以对这种“机-电-液”组成的自动化控制装置的研究就十分有必要了。使其能够不断的推广到各个领域,不断的丰富和提升人类的生产和生活。
关键词:机械手、PLC、液压
Desig
n of co
ntrol system for hydraulic drilli
ng ma
nipulator based o
n plc Abstract Accordi
ng to the developme
nt tre
nd of robots at home a
nd abroad at prese
nt, the hydraulic ma
nipulator co
ntrolled by PLC is selected for research i
n this paper. It is a four-degree-of-freedom multi-joi
nt coordi
nate poi
nt servo co
ntrol robot. Its co
ntrol mode moves from o
ne target poi
nt to a
nother, a
nd o
nly completes the operatio
n o
n the target poi
nt. The reaso
ns for choosi
ng hydraulic pressure are high hydraulic pressure, large output force, easy flow co
ntrol, stepless speed regulatio
n a
nd se
nsitive respo
nse. The ma
nipulator is a drilli
ng i
ndustrial ma
nipulator composed of mecha
nical system, drivi
ng system a
nd co
ntrol system, which is a typical electromecha
nical a
nd hydraulic i
ntegrated system. It is widely used i
n the i
ndustrial field. The hydraulic part is a
n importa
nt part of the whole system. I
n this hydraulic system, PLC co
ntrols the electromag
net of its electromag
netic valve to further co
ntrol the actio
ns of the i
ndustrial ma
nipulator. Through systematic a
nalysis of the dema
nd for i
nput a
nd output data collectio
n, PLC co
ntrol system, I/O module a
nd A/D module are reaso
nably selected for i
nformatio
n co
nversio
n. After that, through relay ladder diagram la
nguage (LD) programmi
ng, the machi
ne body rotates a
nd the arm expa
nds a
nd co
ntracts to complete drilli
ng[17]. The
n draw the hydraulic schematic diagram a
nd desig
n the ma
nipulator. The research of this subject is to combi
ne machi
nery with computer, which shows the superiority of mechatro
nics. At the same time, it also meets the
needs of the times,
not just traditio
nal machi
nery. It is a ki
nd of mecha
nical a
nd electro
nic device with flexibility a
nd u
niversality, which ca
n have the actio
n fu
nctio
n similar to that of huma
n bei
ngs or other orga
nisms, a
nd at the same time has a certai
n degree of i
ntellige
nce to complete some operatio
ns auto
nomously. Therefore, it is
necessary to study the automatic co
ntrol device composed of "mecha
nical-electrical-hydraulic". So that it ca
n be co
nti
nuously exte
nded to various fields, a
nd co
nsta
ntly e
nrich a
nd e
nha
nce huma
n productio
n a
nd life. Key words: ma
nipulator、PLC、hydraulic pressure 目录 第一章绪论1 1.1课题研究价值及意义1 1.2研究现状及发展趋势1 1.3主要研究内容3 第二章机械手的总体设计3 2.1机械手的基本结构3 2.2设计依据6 2.2.1传动方案的设计6 2.2.2本参数的确定6 2.3机械手的运动学分析6 2.3.1刚体的姿态介绍7 2.3.2齐次坐标变换7 2.3.3连杆变换矩阵8 2.4机械手正运动学9 2.5机械手逆运动学11 第三章液压系统方案的设计12 3.1液压系统的初步拟定12 3.2液压系统的设计计算13 3.2.1底座回转缸的计算13 3.2.2手臂摆动缸的计算15 3.2.3手臂伸缩缸的计算16 3.3液压系统主要的参数确定17 3.3.1液压系统工作压力的选择17 3.3.2液压缸的尺寸设计18 3.3.3液压马达的排量计算19 第四章PLC控制系统的设计20 4.1可编程控制器的概述20 4.1.1可编程控制器(PLC)的简介20 4.1.2可编程控制器的组成20 4.1.3 PLC的基本工作原理21 4.2 PLC控制电路的设计21 4.3控制面板的相关设计23 致谢24 参考文献25
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n of co
ntrol system for hydraulic drilli
ng ma
nipulator based o
n plc Abstract Accordi
ng to the developme
nt tre
nd of robots at home a
nd abroad at prese
nt, the hydraulic ma
nipulator co
ntrolled by PLC is selected for research i
n this paper. It is a four-degree-of-freedom multi-joi
nt coordi
nate poi
nt servo co
ntrol robot. Its co
ntrol mode moves from o
ne target poi
nt to a
nother, a
nd o
nly completes the operatio
n o
n the target poi
nt. The reaso
ns for choosi
ng hydraulic pressure are high hydraulic pressure, large output force, easy flow co
ntrol, stepless speed regulatio
n a
nd se
nsitive respo
nse. The ma
nipulator is a drilli
ng i
ndustrial ma
nipulator composed of mecha
nical system, drivi
ng system a
nd co
ntrol system, which is a typical electromecha
nical a
nd hydraulic i
ntegrated system. It is widely used i
n the i
ndustrial field. The hydraulic part is a
n importa
nt part of the whole system. I
n this hydraulic system, PLC co
ntrols the electromag
net of its electromag
netic valve to further co
ntrol the actio
ns of the i
ndustrial ma
nipulator. Through systematic a
nalysis of the dema
nd for i
nput a
nd output data collectio
n, PLC co
ntrol system, I/O module a
nd A/D module are reaso
nably selected for i
nformatio
n co
nversio
n. After that, through relay ladder diagram la
nguage (LD) programmi
ng, the machi
ne body rotates a
nd the arm expa
nds a
nd co
ntracts to complete drilli
ng[17]. The
n draw the hydraulic schematic diagram a
nd desig
n the ma
nipulator. The research of this subject is to combi
ne machi
nery with computer, which shows the superiority of mechatro
nics. At the same time, it also meets the
needs of the times,
not just traditio
nal machi
nery. It is a ki
nd of mecha
nical a
nd electro
nic device with flexibility a
nd u
niversality, which ca
n have the actio
n fu
nctio
n similar to that of huma
n bei
ngs or other orga
nisms, a
nd at the same time has a certai
n degree of i
ntellige
nce to complete some operatio
ns auto
nomously. Therefore, it is
necessary to study the automatic co
ntrol device composed of "mecha
nical-electrical-hydraulic". So that it ca
n be co
nti
nuously exte
nded to various fields, a
nd co
nsta
ntly e
nrich a
nd e
nha
nce huma
n productio
n a
nd life. Key words: ma
nipulator、PLC、hydraulic pressure 目录 第一章绪论1 1.1课题研究价值及意义1 1.2研究现状及发展趋势1 1.3主要研究内容3 第二章机械手的总体设计3 2.1机械手的基本结构3 2.2设计依据6 2.2.1传动方案的设计6 2.2.2本参数的确定6 2.3机械手的运动学分析6 2.3.1刚体的姿态介绍7 2.3.2齐次坐标变换7 2.3.3连杆变换矩阵8 2.4机械手正运动学9 2.5机械手逆运动学11 第三章液压系统方案的设计12 3.1液压系统的初步拟定12 3.2液压系统的设计计算13 3.2.1底座回转缸的计算13 3.2.2手臂摆动缸的计算15 3.2.3手臂伸缩缸的计算16 3.3液压系统主要的参数确定17 3.3.1液压系统工作压力的选择17 3.3.2液压缸的尺寸设计18 3.3.3液压马达的排量计算19 第四章PLC控制系统的设计20 4.1可编程控制器的概述20 4.1.1可编程控制器(PLC)的简介20 4.1.2可编程控制器的组成20 4.1.3 PLC的基本工作原理21 4.2 PLC控制电路的设计21 4.3控制面板的相关设计23 致谢24 参考文献25
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