机械5

轻型载货汽车主减速器及差速器设计 摘要 汽车主减速器及差速器是汽车后桥的主要部件之一，其基本的功用是增大由传动轴或直接由变速器传来的转矩，再将转矩分配给左右驱动车轮，并使左右驱动车轮具有汽车行驶运动所要求的差速功能。同时，驱动桥还要承受作用于路面和车架或承载车身之间的铅垂力、纵向力、横向力及其力矩。其质量、性能的好坏直接影响整车的安全性、经济性、舒适性、可靠性。 本文参考了轻型载货汽车主减速器及差速器，在论述轻型载货汽车汽车驱动桥运行机理的基础上，提练出了在驱动桥设计中应掌握的满足汽车行驶的平顺性和通过性、降噪技术的应用及零件的标准化、部件的通用化、产品的系列化等三大关键技术；阐述了汽车驱动桥的基本原理并进行了系统分析；根据经济、适用、舒适、安全可靠的设计原则和分析比较，确定了轻型载货汽车驱动桥结构形式、布置方法、主减速器总成、差速器总成的结构型式；并对主要零部件进行了强度校核，完善了主减速器及差速器的整体设计。 通过本课题的研究，开发设计出适用于装置大功率发动机轻型载货汽车的单级驱动桥产品，确保设计的轻型载货汽车驱动桥经济、实用、安全、可靠。 关键词：轻型载货汽车；主减速器；差速器；设计 Abstract Automobile mai
n reducer a
nd differe
ntial are o
ne of the mai
n compo
ne
nts of automobile rear axle. Its basic fu
nctio
n is to i
ncrease the torque tra
nsmitted from the tra
nsmissio
n shaft or directly from the tra
nsmissio
n, a
nd the
n distribute the torque to the left a
nd right drive wheels, so that the left a
nd right drive wheels have the differe
ntial fu
nctio
n required by automobile drivi
ng moveme
nt. At the same time, the drive axle also bears the vertical force, lo
ngitudi
nal force, tra
nsverse force a
nd mome
nt acti
ng betwee
n the road surface a
nd the frame or beari
ng body. Its quality a
nd performa
nce directly affect the safety, eco
nomy, comfort a
nd reliability of the whole vehicle. This paper refers to the mai
n reducer a
nd differe
ntial of light truck. O
n the basis of discussi
ng the operatio
n mecha
nism of light truck drive axle, this paper puts forward three key tech
nologies that should be mastered i
n the desig
n of drive axle to meet the ride comfort a
nd trafficability of vehicle, the applicatio
n of
noise reductio
n tech
nology, the sta
ndardizatio
n of parts, the ge
neralizatio
n of parts a
nd the serializatio
n of products; This paper expou
nds the basic pri
nciple of automobile drive axle a
nd makes a systematic a
nalysis; Accordi
ng to the desig
n pri
nciples of eco
nomy, applicability, comfort, safety a
nd reliability a
nd a
nalysis a
nd compariso
n, the structural form, layout method, mai
n reducer assembly a
nd differe
ntial assembly of light truck drive axle are determi
ned; The stre
ngth of the mai
n parts is checked, a
nd the overall desig
n of the mai
n reducer a
nd differe
ntial is improved. Through the research of this subject, a si
ngle-stage drive axle product suitable for light truck with high-power e
ngi
ne is developed a
nd desig
ned to e
nsure that the desig
ned drive axle of light truck is eco
nomical, practical, safe a
nd reliable. Key words: light truck; mai
n reducer; differe
ntial mecha
nism; Desig
n 目录 摘要I Abstract II 第1章绪论1 1.1设计的目的1 1.2主减速器的分类1 第2章主减速器的设计2 2.1主减速器的结构型式2 2.2主减速器的设计参数与计算2 2.2.1载荷的确定2 2.2.2基本参数的确定4 2.2.3齿轮的设计计算8 2.2.4齿轮的强度计算13 第3章差速器的设计17 3.1差速器的结构形式17 3.2差速器的结构形式17 3.3差速器的设计计算17 3.3.1基本参数的选择18 3.3.2齿轮的参数计算20 3.3.3齿轮的强度计算21 结论23 参考文献24 致谢25