摘要 我们在搬运物料的时候会用到叉车，其中重式的平衡叉车用得很多，这一类叉车常常会用到厂区，矿区、仓库、车站、码头港口等等地方，主要是为了搬运转移那些大型的、成件包装的或者托盘等等集装好的物件，可以进行装卸物件、堆垛物件或者用来短距离的转移货物。叉车里面最重要工作部分是它的液压系统，液压装置可以操控着负荷去做抬升下降、倾斜、侧移等等动作。 这次主要是把平衡重式叉车的液压控制系统设计出来，先是介绍了叉车发展的现状以及行业的背景，它的用途，分析之后确定液压系统最适合的一个方案，在液压控制系统的原理图里确定出基本的运行回路；接下来设计出控制的油路，经过计算选出适合的液压泵型号、不同类别的控制阀门，确定系统需要的辅助元器件；最后用CAD软件画出系统工作的原理图、液压缸的总装图纸等等。 这次设计要把大学四年学到的专业知识进行整合，对于平衡重式叉车的构成方案，我们会从机械设计入手，设计它的液压控制部分，确定好相关的工艺加工流程，让叉车工作起来更安全可靠，工作的效率更高，转换起来更加灵活等等，整个设计要符合相关理论达到它需要的价值。 关键词：叉车，液压系统，油路，液压泵；控制阀 Abstract We use forklifts whe
n ha
ndli
ng materials, a
nd the heavy bala
nce forklift is used a lot. This ki
nd of forklift is ofte
n used i
n factories, mi
ni
ng areas, warehouses, statio
ns, docks, ports a
nd other places, mai
nly for ha
ndli
ng a
nd tra
nsferri
ng large, packaged or palletized objects, which ca
n be loaded a
nd u
nloaded Stacki
ng objects or tra
nsferri
ng goods over short dista
nces. The most importa
nt part of forklift is its hydraulic system. The hydraulic device ca
n co
ntrol the load to do lifti
ng, loweri
ng, tilti
ng, lateral moveme
nt a
nd so o
n. This time, we mai
nly desig
n the hydraulic co
ntrol system of the cou
nterweight forklift. First, we i
ntroduce the developme
nt status of the forklift, the backgrou
nd of the i
ndustry, a
nd its use. After a
nalysis, we determi
ne the most suitable scheme of the hydraulic system, a
nd determi
ne the basic operatio
n circuit i
n the schematic diagram of the hydraulic co
ntrol system; Next, the co
ntrol oil circuit is desig
ned. Through calculatio
n, the suitable hydraulic pump model a
nd differe
nt types of co
ntrol valves are selected, a
nd the auxiliary compo
ne
nts required by the system are determi
ned; Fi
nally, CAD software is used to draw the schematic diagram of the system a
nd the ge
neral assembly drawi
ng of the hydraulic cyli
nder. This desig
n should i
ntegrate the professio
nal k
nowledge lear
ned i
n four years of U
niversity. For the compositio
n scheme of the cou
nterweight forklift, we will start with the mecha
nical desig
n, desig
n its hydraulic co
ntrol part, determi
ne the releva
nt process flow, so as to make the forklift work more safe a
nd reliable, work more efficie
ntly, a
nd co
nvert more flexibly, The whole desig
n should be i
n li
ne with the releva
nt theory to achieve the value it
needs. Key words: forklift, hydraulic system, oil circuit, hydraulic pump; co
ntrol valve 目录 摘要I Abstract II 第1章绪论1 1.1研究背景及意义1 1.2叉车液压系统简介1 1.3国内外研究现况2 1.3.1国内现状2 1.3.2行业发展趋势2 1.3.3技术发展趋势3 第2章液压系统总体设计4 第3章液压元件的设计与选择11 3.1执行元件的选择11 3.1.1提升装置液压缸的设计与选择11 3.1.2倾斜装置液压缸的设计与选择12 3.2动力元件的选择13 3.2.1液压泵的选择13 3.2.2柴油发动机的选择14 3.3液压阀的选择14 3.3.1提升系统液压阀选择14 3.3.2倾斜系统液压阀选择15 3.3.3其他液压阀的选择15 3.4其他辅助元件的设计与选择16 3.4.1油箱设计16 3.4.2油管设计16 3.4.3蓄能器的选择17 3.4.4过滤器的选择17 第4章液压系统性能验算18 4.1液压系统压力损失18 4.1.1沿程压力损失18 4.1.2局部压力损失18 4.2热平衡验算19 总结20 参考文献21 致谢22