摘要
汽车座椅属于汽车的基本装置是汽车的重要安全部件。在汽车中它将人体和车身联系在一起直接关系到乘员的驾乘舒适性和安全性。一百多年来,随着汽车的发展和人们要求的不断提高汽车座椅已不再是单纯满足乘坐和美观需要的车身部件而是关系到汽车的驾乘舒适性和安全性集人机工程学、机械振动、控制工程等为一体的系统工程产品。随着我国汽车工业的迅猛发展人们对汽车的乘坐舒适性及安全性等方面的要求越来越高。其中作为影响汽车舒适性和安全性的重要内饰部件——汽车座椅的设计、研发已越来越引起汽车业界的重视。
电动座椅是衡量轿车档次的重要依据,因此世界范围内的轿车设计师都十分重视电动座椅的设计,力求从选材到结构设计都完美无缺。造型方面,汽车座椅设计时应该充分考虑人体的尺寸,人体的重量、乘坐姿势和体压分配的因素,之后应用人体工程学的研究成果和先进技术,制造出乘坐舒适、久坐不乏的安全座椅。本设计分析了人与座椅的人机关系,并且结合我国国民对汽车座椅的使用要求,以人机工程学、汽车设计等学科的理论为依据,以国家和国际标准为准则,对座椅进行了设计。
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Abstract
The automobile seat is the basic device of the automobile, a
nd it is a
n importa
nt safety compo
ne
nt of the automobile. I
n automobiles, it co
n
nects the huma
n body with the body directly related to the rider's comfort a
nd safety. Over the past 100 years, with the developme
nt of automobiles a
nd the co
nti
nuous improveme
nt of people's requireme
nts, car seats are
no lo
nger simply body parts to meet the
needs of ride a
nd aesthetics, but are related to the comfort a
nd safety of automobiles. They are i
ntegrated with ergo
nomics, mecha
nical vibratio
n, co
ntrol e
ngi
neeri
ng a
nd other systems e
ngi
neeri
ng products. With the rapid developme
nt of Chi
na's automobile i
ndustry, people's requireme
nts o
n ride comfort a
nd safety of automobiles are getti
ng higher a
nd higher. Electric seat is a
n importa
nt basis to measure the grade of cars, so car desig
ners all over the world attach great importa
nce to the desig
n of electric seat, strivi
ng to perfect from material selectio
n to structural desig
n. I
n the aspect of modeli
ng, the desig
n of automobile seat should take full accou
nt of the size of huma
n body, the weight of huma
n body, the ridi
ng posture a
nd the distributio
n of body pressure. The
n, the research results of ergo
nomics a
nd adva
nced tech
nology are applied to make a comfortable a
nd sede
ntary seat. This graduatio
n desig
n a
nalyses the huma
n-machi
ne relatio
nship betwee
n huma
n a
nd seat, a
nd combi
nes the requireme
nts of Chi
nese people for the use of car seats, based o
n the theories of ergo
nomics, automobile desig
n a
nd other discipli
nes, a
nd guided by
natio
nal a
nd i
nter
natio
nal sta
ndards, desig
ns the 280TSI drivi
ng seat for Volkswage
n Passat. Key words: car seat ergo
nomics Volkswage
n Passat 1绪论 1.1汽车座椅简介和国内外研究现状 在过去的轿车中,轿车的发明和制造以用于交通为唯一目的,然而今天的轿车的设计思想则是倡导人与汽车的融合,而汽车电动座椅的设计正是这个思想的极其重要的环节。现代汽车的设计涉及到电子学、人体工程学、工业设计学等领域方面[3],随着汽车技术的发展和人们对汽车驾驶舒适性的要求越来越高,轿车的座椅已然从一个简单的部件发展到一个比较复杂和精确程度要求比较高的部件。 电动座椅是衡量轿车档次的重要依据,因此世界范围内的轿车设计师都十分重视电动座椅的设计,力求从选材到结构设计都完美无缺。造型方面,汽车座椅设计时应该充分考虑人体的尺寸,人体的重量、乘坐姿势和体压分配的因素,之后应用人体工程学的研究成果和先进技术,制造出乘坐舒适、久坐不乏的安全座椅。 汽车座椅的调节有手动调节和电动两种方式。 最早的汽车手动调节座椅在1921年面世。[6]最开始的手动调节需要驾驶员员先通过手柄放松座椅的锁止机构,之后通过改变身体的座姿和位置来带动座椅移动,最后将锁止机构的手柄放松,将座椅固定在所选择的位置上。[2] 这种调节方式的主动施力方是座椅上的乘客,座椅调节起来也不是十分的方便。 于是,在后来的设计中,尤其是在中高档轿车上,设计师和生产商都会选择电动调节的座椅,一方面可以提高汽车座椅调节的便捷性,另一方面也可以提高汽车的档次,吸引更多的消费者选择自己品牌的汽车。 电动座椅是由座垫、靠背、靠枕、骨架、悬挂和调节
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nd it is a
n importa
nt safety compo
ne
nt of the automobile. I
n automobiles, it co
n
nects the huma
n body with the body directly related to the rider's comfort a
nd safety. Over the past 100 years, with the developme
nt of automobiles a
nd the co
nti
nuous improveme
nt of people's requireme
nts, car seats are
no lo
nger simply body parts to meet the
needs of ride a
nd aesthetics, but are related to the comfort a
nd safety of automobiles. They are i
ntegrated with ergo
nomics, mecha
nical vibratio
n, co
ntrol e
ngi
neeri
ng a
nd other systems e
ngi
neeri
ng products. With the rapid developme
nt of Chi
na's automobile i
ndustry, people's requireme
nts o
n ride comfort a
nd safety of automobiles are getti
ng higher a
nd higher. Electric seat is a
n importa
nt basis to measure the grade of cars, so car desig
ners all over the world attach great importa
nce to the desig
n of electric seat, strivi
ng to perfect from material selectio
n to structural desig
n. I
n the aspect of modeli
ng, the desig
n of automobile seat should take full accou
nt of the size of huma
n body, the weight of huma
n body, the ridi
ng posture a
nd the distributio
n of body pressure. The
n, the research results of ergo
nomics a
nd adva
nced tech
nology are applied to make a comfortable a
nd sede
ntary seat. This graduatio
n desig
n a
nalyses the huma
n-machi
ne relatio
nship betwee
n huma
n a
nd seat, a
nd combi
nes the requireme
nts of Chi
nese people for the use of car seats, based o
n the theories of ergo
nomics, automobile desig
n a
nd other discipli
nes, a
nd guided by
natio
nal a
nd i
nter
natio
nal sta
ndards, desig
ns the 280TSI drivi
ng seat for Volkswage
n Passat. Key words: car seat ergo
nomics Volkswage
n Passat 1绪论 1.1汽车座椅简介和国内外研究现状 在过去的轿车中,轿车的发明和制造以用于交通为唯一目的,然而今天的轿车的设计思想则是倡导人与汽车的融合,而汽车电动座椅的设计正是这个思想的极其重要的环节。现代汽车的设计涉及到电子学、人体工程学、工业设计学等领域方面[3],随着汽车技术的发展和人们对汽车驾驶舒适性的要求越来越高,轿车的座椅已然从一个简单的部件发展到一个比较复杂和精确程度要求比较高的部件。 电动座椅是衡量轿车档次的重要依据,因此世界范围内的轿车设计师都十分重视电动座椅的设计,力求从选材到结构设计都完美无缺。造型方面,汽车座椅设计时应该充分考虑人体的尺寸,人体的重量、乘坐姿势和体压分配的因素,之后应用人体工程学的研究成果和先进技术,制造出乘坐舒适、久坐不乏的安全座椅。 汽车座椅的调节有手动调节和电动两种方式。 最早的汽车手动调节座椅在1921年面世。[6]最开始的手动调节需要驾驶员员先通过手柄放松座椅的锁止机构,之后通过改变身体的座姿和位置来带动座椅移动,最后将锁止机构的手柄放松,将座椅固定在所选择的位置上。[2] 这种调节方式的主动施力方是座椅上的乘客,座椅调节起来也不是十分的方便。 于是,在后来的设计中,尤其是在中高档轿车上,设计师和生产商都会选择电动调节的座椅,一方面可以提高汽车座椅调节的便捷性,另一方面也可以提高汽车的档次,吸引更多的消费者选择自己品牌的汽车。 电动座椅是由座垫、靠背、靠枕、骨架、悬挂和调节
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