马自达CX-5 2017款2.0L手动六档变速器设计摘要
汽车作为人类的代步工具,在生活中起着至关重要的作用。汽车传动系是汽车的核心组成部分。其任务是调节变换发动机的性能,将动力有效而经济地传至驱动车轮,以满足汽车的使用要求。变速器是完成传动系任务的重要部件,也是决定整车性能的主要部件之一。它用来改变发动机传到驱动轮上的转矩和转速。目的是在各种工作状况下,使汽车获得不同的牵引力和速度。从而使汽车拥有良好的动力性和燃油经济性。而且,变速器的结构要求对汽车换挡操纵的可靠性与轻便性、传动平稳性与效率都有直接的影响。所以变速器设计的质量高低一直是汽车行业竞争的焦点。
本文设计研究了两轴式六档手动变速器,以马自达CX-5 2017款2.0L汽车的整车参数和发动机参数为设计依据,进行手动变速器的设计。首先,本文将概述变速器的现状和发展趋势,介绍变速器领域的最新发展状况。其次,对工作原理做了阐述,对不同的变速器传动方案进行比较,选择合理的结构方案进行设计。再次,对变速器的各挡齿轮和轴以及轴承做了详细的设计计算,并进行了受力分析、强度和刚度校核计算,并为这些元件选择合适的工程材料及热处理方法。对一些标准件进行了选型以及变速器的传动方案设计。简单讲述了变速器中各部件材料的选择。最后,本文将对变速器换档过程中的重要部件—同步器以及操纵机构进行阐述,讲述同步器的类型、工作原理、设计方法以及重要参数。
关键词:变速器;传动比;齿轮;轴;校核
Mazda CX-5 2017 2.0L ma
nual six-speed tra
nsmissio
n Desig
n Abstract As a mea
ns of tra
nsport for huma
n bei
ngs, cars play a vital role i
n life. Automobile tra
nsmissio
n system is the core compo
ne
nt of automobile. Its task is to adjust the performa
nce of the co
nversio
n e
ngi
ne, the power to drive the wheel effectively a
nd eco
nomically, to meet the requireme
nts of the use of the car. Tra
nsmissio
n is a
n importa
nt part to complete the driveli
ne task, a
nd also o
ne of the mai
n parts to determi
ne the vehicle performa
nce. It is used to cha
nge the torque a
nd speed of the e
ngi
ne to the drivi
ng wheels. The purpose is to make the car obtai
n differe
nt tractio
n a
nd speed u
nder various worki
ng co
nditio
ns. So that the car has good power a
nd fuel eco
nomy. Moreover, the structural requireme
nts of the tra
nsmissio
n have a direct impact o
n the reliability a
nd portability of the vehicle shift co
ntrol, tra
nsmissio
n stability a
nd efficie
ncy. So the quality of tra
nsmissio
n desig
n has always bee
n the focus of competitio
n i
n the automotive i
ndustry. I
n this paper, the desig
n of a two-axle six-speed ma
nual tra
nsmissio
n is studied. The ma
nual tra
nsmissio
n is desig
ned based o
n the vehicle parameters a
nd e
ngi
ne parameters of Mazda CX-5 2017 2.0L. First, this paper will outli
ne the curre
nt situatio
n a
nd developme
nt tre
nd of tra
nsmissio
n, i
ntroduce the latest developme
nt of tra
nsmissio
n field. Seco
ndly, the worki
ng pri
nciple is described, the differe
nt tra
nsmissio
n schemes are compared, a
nd a reaso
nable structural scheme is selected for desig
n. Agai
n, the tra
nsmissio
n of each gear a
nd shaft a
nd beari
ng made a detailed desig
n calculatio
n, a
nd carried out force a
nalysis, stre
ngth a
nd stiff
ness check calculatio
n, a
nd for these compo
ne
nts to choose the appropriate e
ngi
neeri
ng materials a
nd heat treatme
nt method. Some sta
ndard parts of the selectio
n a
nd tra
nsmissio
n scheme desig
n. Simply describes the tra
nsmissio
n of the parts of the material selectio
n. Fi
nally, this paper will be a
n importa
nt part of the tra
nsmissio
n shift process - sy
nchro
nizer a
nd co
ntrol mecha
nism are described, o
n the type of sy
nchro
nizer, worki
ng pri
nciple, desig
n methods a
nd importa
nt parameters. Key words: Tra
nsmissio
n; Tra
nsmissio
n ratio; Gear; Axis; check 目录 第1章绪论7 1.1概述7 1.2汽车变速器设计的目的和意义7 1.3汽车变速器国内外现状和发展趋势8 1.3.1汽车变速器国内外现状8 1.3.2汽车变速器的发展趋势9 1.4.3变速器设计的主要内容9 第2章变速器传动机构与操纵机构的布置11 2.1变速器传动方案布置机构11 2.1.1变速器传动方案分析与选择11 2.1.2倒档布置方案分析13 2.1.3零部件结构方案分析14 2.2变速器操纵机构布置方案16 2.2.1概述16 2.2.2典型的操纵机构及其锁定装置17 第3章变速器主要参数的选择20 3.1档数的确定20 3.2传动比范围21 3.3变速器各挡传动比的确定21 3.4中心距的选择24 3.5变速器的外形尺寸25 3.6齿轮参数的确定25 3.7各档齿轮齿数的分配及传动比的计算27 3.7.1确定一挡齿轮的齿数和传动比28 3.7.2确定二挡齿轮的齿数和传动比28 3.7.3确定三档齿轮的齿数和传动比29 3.7.4确定四档齿轮的齿数和传动比29 3.7.5确定五档齿轮的齿数和传动比29 3.7.6确定六档齿轮的齿数和传动比30 3.7.7确定倒档齿轮的齿数和传动比30 3.8变速器齿轮的变位及齿轮螺旋角的调整30 第4章变速器齿轮及轴强度校核33 4.1变速器齿轮强度校核33 4.1.1变速器齿轮弯曲强度校核33 4.1.2轮齿接触应力校核38 4.1.3倒档齿轮的校核43 4.1.4齿轮材料的选择原则46 4.1.5变速器壳体材料的选用47 4.2轴的结构和尺寸设计47 4.3轴的强度验算48 4.3.1轴的刚度计算48 4.3.2轴的强度计算57 4.4输入轴弯矩图58 4.4轴承选择与寿命计算59 4.4.1输入轴轴承的选择与寿命计算60 4.4.2输出轴轴承的选择与寿命计算62 第5章变速器同步器及结构元件设计65 5.1同步器设计65 5.1.1同步器的功用及分类65 5.1.2惯性式同步器65 5.1.3锁环式同步器主要尺寸的确定66 5.1.4主要参数的确定67 5.2变速器壳体69 5.3本章小结69 结论71 参考文献72 致谢73 第1章绪论 1.1概述 近几年国内外汽车工业迅猛发展,车型的多样化、个性化、智能化已成为汽车的发展趋势。但变速器设计一直是汽车设计中最重要的环节之一,变速器用于改变发动机传到驱动轮上的转矩和转速,目的是在原地起步、爬坡、转弯、加速等各种行驶工况下,使汽车获得不同的牵引力和速度,同时使发动机在最有利的工况范围内工作。因此变速器的性能影响到汽车的动力性和经济性指标。变速器能使汽车以非常低的稳定车速行驶,而这种低的车速只靠内燃机的最低稳定车速是难以达到的。变速器的倒挡使汽车能倒退行驶;其空挡使汽车在启动发动机、停车和滑行时能长时间将发动机和传动系分离。 变速器的结构除了对汽车的动力性、经济性有影响同时对汽车操纵的可靠性与轻便性、传动的
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nual six-speed tra
nsmissio
n Desig
n Abstract As a mea
ns of tra
nsport for huma
n bei
ngs, cars play a vital role i
n life. Automobile tra
nsmissio
n system is the core compo
ne
nt of automobile. Its task is to adjust the performa
nce of the co
nversio
n e
ngi
ne, the power to drive the wheel effectively a
nd eco
nomically, to meet the requireme
nts of the use of the car. Tra
nsmissio
n is a
n importa
nt part to complete the driveli
ne task, a
nd also o
ne of the mai
n parts to determi
ne the vehicle performa
nce. It is used to cha
nge the torque a
nd speed of the e
ngi
ne to the drivi
ng wheels. The purpose is to make the car obtai
n differe
nt tractio
n a
nd speed u
nder various worki
ng co
nditio
ns. So that the car has good power a
nd fuel eco
nomy. Moreover, the structural requireme
nts of the tra
nsmissio
n have a direct impact o
n the reliability a
nd portability of the vehicle shift co
ntrol, tra
nsmissio
n stability a
nd efficie
ncy. So the quality of tra
nsmissio
n desig
n has always bee
n the focus of competitio
n i
n the automotive i
ndustry. I
n this paper, the desig
n of a two-axle six-speed ma
nual tra
nsmissio
n is studied. The ma
nual tra
nsmissio
n is desig
ned based o
n the vehicle parameters a
nd e
ngi
ne parameters of Mazda CX-5 2017 2.0L. First, this paper will outli
ne the curre
nt situatio
n a
nd developme
nt tre
nd of tra
nsmissio
n, i
ntroduce the latest developme
nt of tra
nsmissio
n field. Seco
ndly, the worki
ng pri
nciple is described, the differe
nt tra
nsmissio
n schemes are compared, a
nd a reaso
nable structural scheme is selected for desig
n. Agai
n, the tra
nsmissio
n of each gear a
nd shaft a
nd beari
ng made a detailed desig
n calculatio
n, a
nd carried out force a
nalysis, stre
ngth a
nd stiff
ness check calculatio
n, a
nd for these compo
ne
nts to choose the appropriate e
ngi
neeri
ng materials a
nd heat treatme
nt method. Some sta
ndard parts of the selectio
n a
nd tra
nsmissio
n scheme desig
n. Simply describes the tra
nsmissio
n of the parts of the material selectio
n. Fi
nally, this paper will be a
n importa
nt part of the tra
nsmissio
n shift process - sy
nchro
nizer a
nd co
ntrol mecha
nism are described, o
n the type of sy
nchro
nizer, worki
ng pri
nciple, desig
n methods a
nd importa
nt parameters. Key words: Tra
nsmissio
n; Tra
nsmissio
n ratio; Gear; Axis; check 目录 第1章绪论7 1.1概述7 1.2汽车变速器设计的目的和意义7 1.3汽车变速器国内外现状和发展趋势8 1.3.1汽车变速器国内外现状8 1.3.2汽车变速器的发展趋势9 1.4.3变速器设计的主要内容9 第2章变速器传动机构与操纵机构的布置11 2.1变速器传动方案布置机构11 2.1.1变速器传动方案分析与选择11 2.1.2倒档布置方案分析13 2.1.3零部件结构方案分析14 2.2变速器操纵机构布置方案16 2.2.1概述16 2.2.2典型的操纵机构及其锁定装置17 第3章变速器主要参数的选择20 3.1档数的确定20 3.2传动比范围21 3.3变速器各挡传动比的确定21 3.4中心距的选择24 3.5变速器的外形尺寸25 3.6齿轮参数的确定25 3.7各档齿轮齿数的分配及传动比的计算27 3.7.1确定一挡齿轮的齿数和传动比28 3.7.2确定二挡齿轮的齿数和传动比28 3.7.3确定三档齿轮的齿数和传动比29 3.7.4确定四档齿轮的齿数和传动比29 3.7.5确定五档齿轮的齿数和传动比29 3.7.6确定六档齿轮的齿数和传动比30 3.7.7确定倒档齿轮的齿数和传动比30 3.8变速器齿轮的变位及齿轮螺旋角的调整30 第4章变速器齿轮及轴强度校核33 4.1变速器齿轮强度校核33 4.1.1变速器齿轮弯曲强度校核33 4.1.2轮齿接触应力校核38 4.1.3倒档齿轮的校核43 4.1.4齿轮材料的选择原则46 4.1.5变速器壳体材料的选用47 4.2轴的结构和尺寸设计47 4.3轴的强度验算48 4.3.1轴的刚度计算48 4.3.2轴的强度计算57 4.4输入轴弯矩图58 4.4轴承选择与寿命计算59 4.4.1输入轴轴承的选择与寿命计算60 4.4.2输出轴轴承的选择与寿命计算62 第5章变速器同步器及结构元件设计65 5.1同步器设计65 5.1.1同步器的功用及分类65 5.1.2惯性式同步器65 5.1.3锁环式同步器主要尺寸的确定66 5.1.4主要参数的确定67 5.2变速器壳体69 5.3本章小结69 结论71 参考文献72 致谢73 第1章绪论 1.1概述 近几年国内外汽车工业迅猛发展,车型的多样化、个性化、智能化已成为汽车的发展趋势。但变速器设计一直是汽车设计中最重要的环节之一,变速器用于改变发动机传到驱动轮上的转矩和转速,目的是在原地起步、爬坡、转弯、加速等各种行驶工况下,使汽车获得不同的牵引力和速度,同时使发动机在最有利的工况范围内工作。因此变速器的性能影响到汽车的动力性和经济性指标。变速器能使汽车以非常低的稳定车速行驶,而这种低的车速只靠内燃机的最低稳定车速是难以达到的。变速器的倒挡使汽车能倒退行驶;其空挡使汽车在启动发动机、停车和滑行时能长时间将发动机和传动系分离。 变速器的结构除了对汽车的动力性、经济性有影响同时对汽车操纵的可靠性与轻便性、传动的
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