PLC控制得气动随动铸棒线切割机设计 学生姓名：×××班级：13810×× 指导老师：××× 摘要：随着工业的快速发展，为降低工业产品的生产成本，铸造工艺已经成为一种非常重要的生产手段，而为提高铸造的生产效率，连续铸造应需而生，这种铸造工艺成本低，效率高，依然成为一种重要手段，其连续铸造的原理是将熔融状态的金属物体不断的倒入结晶器中，熔融金属在结晶器中冷却定型，而后连续不断的从结晶器出口拉出，最终完成金属的铸造成形，其所需金属壳获得任意长度。连续铸造具有一定的局限性，但并不影响其生产工艺的广泛应用，在国内外该种铸造工艺技术已经非常成熟且应用广泛，如钢的连续铸锭，铝型材的连续铸造，金属棒、管的连续铸造等。相对于普通的铸造工艺，连续铸造具有以下优点： 1、熔融金属进入结晶器后快速冷却凝结，使其金属内部结晶致密且均匀，因此，该种铸造方式机械性能相对较好。 2、在连续铸造时，基于连续铸造工艺的铸造原理，在铸造工件上不存在浇注冒口，因此在连续铸造成形后不用切粗无用的头尾，节约了生产原理，提高了生产效率。 3、连续铸造相对与普通铸造工艺，其工序简单，流程少，因此大量的节省了人力物力、降低了生产成本，减少了铸造工艺的生产面积。 4、基于连续铸造的工艺原理，完全可实现全自动化，不仅减少了人力的投入，同时也大大的提高了生产效率。 为提高连续铸造流水线的自动化水平，本文针对棒料在铸棒后需要进行切割处理，进而设计的一种铸棒线切割机，该切割机动力源由气缸提供，通过PLC控制系统，控制气路中的电磁控制阀，实现气缸的伸出和收缩效果，使气缸在伸缩的过程中带动气缸杆所连接的机械部件，从而实现棒料的截取切割，每切割完一次，切割机的切割片会回到原始位置，等待下一次切割运动。在切割时，并非将棒料整体切断，而是近切割35mm深后即可，然后由下一个工序中的压断进行压断处理，最终完成铸棒的截断。 铸棒线切割机具有生产效率高、自动化程度高、结构简单、价格优惠的特点，深手广大消费者所喜爱，尤其对于小型加工厂，以及一些棒料生产车间有位青睐。铸棒线切割机整体全部由PLC控制控制，完成自动调位、自动卡紧、自动切割的多道工序。该种切割机的设计理念融合了气压自动控制、机器人技术等先进技术。铸棒线割机工作过程是，首先由卡紧装置对棒料进行卡紧，防止切割时产生较大震动，然后通过切割装置的控制气缸作用，使切割装置的切割片与棒料接触，完成切割，最后通纵横行走装置，将棒料移动道下一个工序所需位置。本设计实现了机械、电气和气动控制相结合，提高了自动化水平，使其具有较高的稳定性、简单的设计结构、自动化程度高、维修方便、提高了生产效率，因此必然具有较大的发展前景和广阔的市场空间。 关键词铸棒线割机、PLC控制、铸造 指导老师签字：（小四号黑体加粗） Desig
n of p
neumatic follow-up bar li
ne cutter co
ntrolled by PLC Stude
nt Name: ××× Class: Supervisor: ××× Abstract: With the rapid developme
nt of i
ndustry, i
n order to reduce the productio
n cost of i
ndustrial products, casti
ng tech
nology has become a very importa
nt mea
ns of productio
n, a
nd to improve the efficie
ncy of casti
ng productio
n, co
nti
nuous casti
ng should be bor
n, the casti
ng process of low cost, high efficie
ncy, still become a ki
nd of importa
nt mea
ns, is the pri
nciple of the co
nti
nuous casti
ng molte
n metal objects co
nsta
ntly poured i
nto the mold, the molte
n metal i
n the mould cooli
ng stereotypes, a
nd the
n pulli
ng away from co
nti
nuous crystallizer export, fi
nishi
ng metal casti
ng, the metal shell for arbitrary le
ngth。Co
nti
nuous casti
ng has certai
n limitatio
ns, but it does
not affect the wide applicatio
n of its productio
n process, the casti
ng process tech
nology has bee
n very mature a
nd widely used at home a
nd abroad, such as steel co
nti
nuous casti
ng i
ngot, alumi
num co
nti
nuous casti
ng, metal bar, tube co
nti
nuous casti
ng. Compared with ordi
nary casti
ng process, co
nti
nuous casti
ng has the followi
ng adva
ntages: 1. After the molte
n metal e
nters the mold, it is cooled a
nd co
nde
nsed rapidly, so that the crystal i
nside the metal is compact a
nd u
niform. Therefore, the casti
ng method has relatively good mecha
nical properties. 2. I
n co
nti
nuous casti
ng, based o
n the casti
ng pri
nciple of co
nti
nuous casti
ng process, there is
no pouri
ng riser o
n the casti
ng workpiece, so it is
not
necessary to cut the coarse a
nd useless head a
nd tail after co
nti
nuous casti
ng, which saves the productio
n pri
nciple a
nd improves the productio
n efficie
ncy. 3. Compared with ordi
nary casti
ng process, co
nti
nuous casti
ng process is simple a
nd has fewer processes. Therefore, a lot of ma
npower a
nd material resources are saved, productio
n costs are reduced a
nd the productio
n area of casti
ng process is reduced. 4. Based o
n the process pri
nciple of co
nti
nuous casti
ng, complete automatio
n ca
n be realized, which
not o
nly reduces the i
nput of ma
npower, but also greatly improves the productio
n efficie
ncy. I
n order to improve the automatio
n level of co
nti
nuous casti
ng productio
n li
ne, this article i
n view of the bar after casti
ng rod cutti
ng processi
ng is required, a
nd the
n desig
n a casti
ng rod wire cutti
ng machi
ne, the cutti
ng machi
ne power supply provided by the cyli
nder, through the PLC co
ntrol system, co
ntrol the gas path of electromag
netic valve, cyli
nder stretched out a
nd shri
nkage effect, make the cyli
nder i
n the process of expa
nsio
n drive cyli
nder rod co
n
nected by mecha
nical parts, so as to realize the i
nterceptio
n of bar cutti
ng, every fi
nished cutti
ng, cutti
ng machi
ne cutti
ng will retur
n to origi
nal positio
n, waiti
ng for the
next cut. Whe
n cutti
ng, the bar material is
not cut off as a whole, but cut to a depth of 35mm, a
nd the
n press a
nd break treatme
nt is carried out i
n the
next process to complete the tru
ncatio
n of the cast bar. The casti
ng bar li
ne cutti
ng machi
ne has the characteristics of high productio
n efficie
ncy, high automatio
n, simple structure a
nd favorable price, which is favored by the vast
number of co
nsumers, especially for small processi
ng pla
nts, a
nd some bar material productio
n workshops. As a whole, the casti
ng bar li
ne cutti
ng machi
ne is co
ntrolled by PLC, which ca
n automatically adjust positio
n, tighte
n a
nd cut. The desig
n co
ncept of the cutti
ng machi
ne i
ntegrates adva
nced tech
nologies such as automatic air pressure co
ntrol a
nd robot tech
nology. The worki
ng process of the casti
ng bar li
ne cutter is as follows: firstly, the bar material is clamped by the clampi
ng device to preve
nt large vibratio
n duri
ng cutti
ng; the
n, through the actio
n of the co
ntrol cyli
nder of the cutti
ng device, the cutti
ng pieces of the cutti
ng device are i
n co
ntact with the bar material to complete the cutti
ng; fi
nally, the bar material is moved to the required positio
n i
n the
next process through the vertical a
nd horizo
ntal walki
ng device. This desig
n realizes the combi
natio
n of mecha
nical, electrical a
nd p
neumatic co
ntrol, improves the automatio
n level, makes it has the higher stability, the simple desig
n structure, the automatio
n degree is high, the mai
nte
na
nce is co
nve
nie
nt, has improved the productio
n efficie
ncy, therefore must have the larger developme
nt prospect a
nd the broad market space. Keywords: Cast bar li
ne cutti
ng machi
ne, PLC co
ntrol, casti
ng Sig
nature of Supervisor: （小四号Arial Black加粗） 目录 1引言1 2切割装置设计3 2.1系统设计要求3 2.2方案设计3 2.3结构设计4 2.3.1砂轮片的选取4 2.3.2电机的选取4 2.3.3带传动设计4 2.3.4升降气缸的选择7 2.3.5滚动轴承的选取及校核9 2.4切割装置设计图11 3夹紧机械手设计13 3.1设计要求13 3.2设计方案13 3.3设计方案14 4纵横行走装置的设计15 4.1设计要求15 4.2方案设计15 4.3直线导轨的选择计算15 4.3.1选定条件15 4.3.2选定方式16 4.4纵横行走装置设计图17 4.5切割机整机三维图17 5 PLC概述19 5.1可编程控制器PLC的基本原理19 5.2可编程控制器的特点19 6电气控制线路的设计21 6.1电气控制线路设计的一般要求21 6.2电气控制线路的设计方法21 6.3气动原理图设计21 6.3.1气动原理图23 6.3.2控制流程图24 7结论25 参考文献26 致谢27