摘要 最近几年，随着我国改革开放的进一步加大，我国各行业各都取得了显着的成效，经济明显增长，居民生活水平大幅度提高，人们的需求由温饱开始逐步向精神层面过渡，并开始追求绿色、养生的生活习惯。茶叶作为一种保健型产品，近几年在我国的发展也取得了巨大的成就，加工茶的生产工艺也明显提高，随着我国2025计划的提出，更是助长了我国机械自动化技术的发展。在我国饮食产业里，茶叶可谓是一种非常受大家喜欢的养生产品，在我国餐饮产业中消费量占有很大的比重，但是它的缺点是加工分选过程复杂、费时费工，在加工过程中还容易破碎。当下，采茶、分选工序广泛为茶农人工作业，不仅效率低下，而且分选工期长，成本高，不利于茶企业的发展。在这种情况下，设计一种茶叶自动分选设备，全自动完成茶叶的分选工作，将会大大提高茶叶的分选效率，节约生产茶叶的成本，从而为企业创造利润，为员工谋取福利，显得尤为必要。 本课题茶叶分选机主要根据现有茶叶分选的现状,针对国内茶叶分选的优缺点,设计了一种全自动茶叶分选的设备。通过分析和比较现有茶叶分选机及其部件的结构和功能，进行创新性设计。本次主要对茶叶分选机进行总体方案的设计，其次，对茶叶分选机关键零部件选型和计算，选型部分主要是送料机构上电动机的计算和选型、轴承等标准件的选型，计算部分主要是对茶叶分选机上的传动系统进行计算、校核等。 关键词：茶叶；色选；智能化；图像识别 Abstract I
n rece
nt years, with the further expa
nsio
n of Chi
na's reform a
nd ope
ni
ng up, Chi
na's various i
ndustries have achieved remarkable results, the eco
nomy has i
ncreased sig
nifica
ntly, the livi
ng sta
ndards of reside
nts have improved sig
nifica
ntly, people's
needs have gradually cha
nged from food a
nd clothi
ng to spiritual level, a
nd they have begu
n to pursue gree
n a
nd healthy livi
ng habits. As a ki
nd of health product, tea has made great achieveme
nts i
n rece
nt years i
n Chi
na. The productio
n tech
nology of processed tea has also bee
n improved sig
nifica
ntly. With the proposal of Chi
na 2025 pla
n, the developme
nt of mecha
nical automatio
n tech
nology i
n Chi
na has bee
n promoted. I
n Chi
na's cateri
ng i
ndustry, tea is a very popular health product, which accou
nts for a large proportio
n of co
nsumptio
n i
n Chi
na's cateri
ng i
ndustry. However, its disadva
ntage is that the processi
ng a
nd sorti
ng process is complex, time-co
nsumi
ng a
nd labor-co
nsumi
ng, a
nd it is easy to break i
n the processi
ng process. At prese
nt, the tea picki
ng a
nd sorti
ng process is widely used by tea farmers, which is
not o
nly i
nefficie
nt, but also has lo
ng sorti
ng period a
nd high cost, which is
not co
nducive to the developme
nt of tea e
nterprises. I
n this case, it is particularly
necessary to desig
n a
n automatic tea sorti
ng equipme
nt to complete the tea sorti
ng work automatically, which will greatly improve the efficie
ncy of tea sorti
ng a
nd save the cost of tea productio
n, so as to create profits for e
nterprises a
nd seek be
nefits for employees. Accordi
ng to the prese
nt situatio
n of tea sorti
ng, a
nd the adva
ntages a
nd disadva
ntages of domestic tea sorti
ng, this paper desig
ns a ki
nd of automatic tea sorti
ng equipme
nt. Through the a
nalysis a
nd compariso
n of the structure a
nd fu
nctio
n of the existi
ng tea sorti
ng machi
ne a
nd its compo
ne
nts, the i
n
novative desig
n is carried out. This time mai
nly carries o
n the overall pla
n desig
n to the tea sorti
ng machi
ne. Seco
ndly, the selectio
n a
nd calculatio
n of the key parts of the tea sorti
ng machi
ne. The selectio
n part is mai
nly the calculatio
n a
nd selectio
n of the motor o
n the feedi
ng mecha
nism, the selectio
n of the sta
ndard parts such as beari
ngs, etc. the calculatio
n part is mai
nly the calculatio
n a
nd verificatio
n of the tra
nsmissio
n system of the tea sorti
ng machi
ne. Key Words: Tea; color selectio
n; i
ntellige
nt; image recog
nitio
n 目录 第1章绪论1 1.1课题的背景和意义1 1.1.1课题的背景1 1.1.2课题的意义1 1.2茶叶分选机国内外发展现状及趋势2 1.2.1国外发展现状及趋势2 1.2.2国内发展现状及趋势3 1.3课题的主要内容和方法4 1.3.1课题的主要内容4 1.3.2课题的主要方法4 第2章茶叶分选机总体方案的设计5 2.1茶叶分选机功能要求分析5 2.2茶叶分选机的工作原理5 2.3茶叶分选机总体方案的设计5 2.3.1上料系统的方案的设计5 2.3.2分选系统的方案设计6 2.3.3收集装置方案的设计6 第3章茶叶分选机关键零部件的设计及选型8 3.1驱动电机的计算和选型8 3.1.1电动机的功能分析8 3.1.2电动机的计算8 3.1.3驱动电机的选型10 3.2分选装置中驱动轴的结构设计及计算10 3.2.1轴的材料选择10 3.2.2轴的结构设计10 3.2.3确定轴上其它各段直径与长度11 3.2.4轴的强度校核11 3.3滚筒的设计计算12 3.3.1运行阻力计算12 3.3.2滚筒各部件上的附加阻力13 3.3.3输送载荷的提升阻力13 3.3.4特种阻力13 3.3.5传动滚筒轴功率14 3.4收集装置的结构设计14 3.4.1收集装置的功能分析14 3.4.2收集装置的材料选择15 3.4.3收集装置的结构设计15 3.5轴承的选择15 3.5.1滚动轴承概述15 3.5.2滚动轴承材料选择17 3.5.3滚动轴承的结构特性17 3.5.4滚动轴承的选择原则17 3.5.5滚动轴承的载荷、失效和计算准则17 3.5.6滚动轴承的润滑与密封19 3.6筛网的结构设计及功能分析19 3.6.1筛网的功能分析19 3.6.2筛网的材料选择及结构设计19 总结22 参考文献23 致谢24 第1章绪论 1.1课题的背景和意义 1.1.1课题的背景 我国是茶叶的发源地，茶叶品种丰富。如今，中国茶叶分为6大类，即绿茶、黄茶、青茶、白茶、黑茶、红茶，其中以绿茶类最多。名优绿茶按其生产工艺分为烘青型、炒青型、半烘炒型3大类。这3类工艺生产的名优茶，根据形状区分为卷曲形茶、捆扎茶毛峰茶、扁形茶、针形茶与异形茶等6种类型。目前，我国茶叶加工多为人工烘炒，不仅生产效率底，而且人工成本偏高，不利于茶企业的发展。茶叶加工中，拣梗是一项费工、费时且又非常关键的工序，以往生产中常用的阶梯式拣梗机、静电拣梗机，使用效果均不甚理想，主要还是依靠人工进行分拣。随着劳动力成本的上升，拣梗作业已成为茶叶精制中质量和成本控制的瓶颈环节。茶叶色选机的出现，很好地缓解了茶叶拣梗难的问题，在一定程度上提高了茶叶的加工效率。 本次主要设计一种能够自动、轻便且操作方便的茶叶分选机，将极大地缩短绿茶的加工分选周期，节约绿茶的生产成本，提高绿茶的生产效率，而且还能促进劳动力资源的合理分配。