摘要 随着科技的进步和不断发展，对水稻覆膜直播旱作技术国内外都有相近的报道。我国湖北十堰、甘肃银川等地都有相近的研究报道。但在种植技术上尚需进一步试验研究改进完善。主要的问题是：一是当前要研究解决出苗及幼苗旱长阶段的除草问题。二是要解决好旱播种出苗的土壤墒情和补水问题。三是覆膜穴播水稻的综合农艺措施和生长发育规律的探讨。四是研制改进播种机械，以适于水稻播种。 水稻覆膜直播机的覆膜机构是该机的重要组成部分，其性能的优劣直接影响着整个机器的工作性能和生产效率，因此对性能优良的覆膜机构的研究设计一直是水稻覆膜直播旱作技术领域的重要课题。本设计是将研制至今的六种类别机型，分别是简易覆膜机、加强型覆膜机、作畦覆膜机、旋耕覆膜机、播种覆膜机、覆膜播种机，进行综合比较，而后根据设计参数和现有的条件及设计思想进行了改装和改进。从而覆膜机构与精量点播机的配套使用，实现了覆膜、播种作业一次完成的设计。 项目的主要技术特点和创新点就是利用水稻即可水养又可旱长的特性,充分利用地膜的保温保湿作用,防止水分的渗漏和蒸发,提高地温水温,减少杂草和用药量,充分利用自然降雨达到节水、增温增效的目的。 关键词：水稻铺膜播种旱直播播种机械 ABSTRACT With progress a
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need further experime
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n order to be suitable for the rice. Rice cover membra
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nd broadcast directly the importa
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nd that rice ca
n, fully utilize warm - keepi
ng of the plastic film to protect wet fu
nctio
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nt the seepage a
nd evaporatio
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nd temperature temperature, reduce the weeds a
nd usi
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nt , fully utilize
natural rai
nfall to achieve a
nd eco
nomize o
n water , i
ncrease the warm purpose to e
nlarge. Keyword: Rice，Cover plastic seedi
ng, Pla
nter, Farm machi
nery 目录 摘要I ABSTRACT II 目录III 1前言1 1.1我国水稻生产的重要性1 1.2水稻生产机械化现状1 1.4地膜覆盖机械的种类2 1.5地膜覆盖栽培技术及其特点2 1.6地膜覆盖栽培技术的应用的效果2 1.7地膜覆盖栽培的农业技术要求3 1.8地膜覆盖机的类型和主要性能特点3 2设计参数选择4 3 2BF─1400型水稻覆膜播种机的总体结构和工作过程4 3.1结构组成4 3.2工作过程5 4覆膜机构的总体及主要结构设计5 4.1机构组成5 4.2结构设计6 5覆膜机构工作部件的设计8 5.1整地装置的设计9 5.2开沟器的设计9 5.2.1类型和特点9 5.2.2设计的技术要求和依据9 5.3挂膜装置的设计11 5.3.1设计的技术要求11 5.3.2挂膜装置的类型和结构11 5.4压膜轮的设计12 5.4.1功用和设计技术要求12 5.4.2种类和结构特点12 5.4.3压膜轮的作用原理和设计13 5.5覆土器的设计14 5.5.1覆土器的类型和性能特点14 5.5.2覆土器的设计15 6覆膜机构的使用16 6.1覆膜机构作业的主要性能结构及其意义16 6.2覆膜机构的使用和维护17 6.3膜的选择18 结论19 参考文献21 致谢22 1前言 1.1我国水稻生产的重要性 水稻是我国种植面积最大、单产最高、总产最多的粮食作物。1998年，我国种植水稻31000千公顷，占粮食播种面积的27％。水稻产量2亿吨，占粮食总产量的39％。其中南方15个省、、直辖市(沪、苏、浙、皖、闽、赣、鄂、湘、粤、桂、琼、渝、川、贵、云)是我国粮食的主产区，也是水稻的主产区，其种植面积27000千公顷，总产1．7亿吨，分别占水稻种植总面积和总产量的85％以上。我国水稻生产在世界水稻生产中也占有重要的地位。水稻种植面积和产量分别占世界水稻面积和产量的21％和34％。中国以占世界7％的耕地，解决了世界22％人口的温饱问题，取得了举世瞩日的成就。21世纪，我国人口峰值将达到16亿，在人均耕地资源较少的情况卜，要确保我国粮食的安全供给，必须重视粮食生产。全国食用大米为主的人口占60％以上，因此重视发展水稻生产，提高水稻单位面积产量和质量，是保证中国粮食总供给，满足全国人口对粮食不断增长要求的长期战略日标。 1.2水稻生产机械