摘要 我国苹果相关产业不断发展，随着苹果种植面积的不断提高，如何高效收获成为了一个难题。普遍的采收方式多以人工收获为主，不仅效率低，而且存在着很大的安全隐患。因此，研究一款高效率的苹果摇振收获机具有重要意义;此次研究主要针对苹果摇振收获机的研究主要有一下内容： （1）针对定西当地苹果，进行实地的测量，然后根据所测参数在I
nve
ntor软件中实现对果树的三维建模，对其具有的固有振频进行研究，并取最佳采摘频率。首先将建好果树模型导入Workbe
nch软件中，进行模态和谐响应分析，得出苹果树最适合的振动频率为3.93Hz,为后面激振装置的设计和计算提供理论基础。 （2）根据动力学原理，分析在收获时，树枝的运动状态。当果树树干的侧枝振幅Sm=40mm时发生最大位移;然后设计收获机的三维简易模型，并根据果园种植密度与果树测量数据设计夹持装置和整机大小。 （3）在果树模态和收获简易三维模型的基础上，完成激振装置的机构设计，设计采用偏心块1，2与3，4两两组合且对称的模式，这种设计可以满足激振装置中偏心块的稳定;然后对液压马达、动力源、齿轮等部件进行参数计算与设计，并对其中部件选型。 关键词：收获机；激振装置；模态分析，谐响应分析，偏心块 Abstract Apple related i
ndustries i
n our cou
ntry are co
nsta
ntly developi
ng, a
nd with the co
nti
nuous improveme
nt of apple pla
nti
ng area, how to efficie
ntly harvest has become a difficult problem. Most commo
n harvesti
ng methods are mai
nly artificial harvesti
ng, which is
not o
nly i
nefficie
nt, but also has great security risks. Therefore, it is of great sig
nifica
nce to study a high-efficie
ncy apple shaki
ng harvester. The mai
n co
nte
nts of this research are as follows: (1) Field measureme
nts were carried out for local apples i
n Di
ngxi, a
nd the
n 3D modeli
ng of fruit trees was realized i
n I
nve
ntor software accordi
ng to the measured parameters, a
nd the
natural vibratio
n freque
ncy was studied, a
nd the optimal picki
ng freque
ncy was selected. Firstly, the established fruit tree model was imported i
nto Workbe
nch software, a
nd the modal harmo
nious respo
nse a
nalysis was carried out. It was co
ncluded that the most suitable vibratio
n freque
ncy of the apple tree was 3.93Hz, which provided a theoretical basis for the desig
n a
nd calculatio
n of the subseque
nt vibratio
n excitatio
n device. (2) Accordi
ng to the dy
namic pri
nciple, a
nalyze the motio
n state of the bra
nches duri
ng harvest. The maximum displaceme
nt occurred whe
n the lateral bra
nch amplitude Sm=40mm. The
n the 3D simple model of the harvester is desig
ned, a
nd the clampi
ng device a
nd the whole machi
ne size are desig
ned accordi
ng to the pla
nti
ng de
nsity of the orchard a
nd the measureme
nt data of the fruit tree. (3) Based o
n the simple three-dime
nsio
nal model of fruit tree mode a
nd harvest, the mecha
nism desig
n of the exciti
ng device is completed. The desig
n adopts the symmetrical mode of ecce
ntric block 1,2 a
nd 3, 4, which ca
n satisfy the stability of ecce
ntric block i
n the exciti
ng device; The
n the parameters of hydraulic motor, power source, gear a
nd other compo
ne
nts are calculated a
nd desig
ned, a
nd the parts are selected. Key words: harvester; Excitatio
n device; Modal a
nalysis, harmo
nic respo
nse a
nalysis, ecce
ntric block 目录 1绪论1 1.1课题研究背景及意义1 1.2国外研究现状2 1.3国内研究现状5 1.4主要研究内容7 2果树树干振动特性分析7 2.1树体的三维建模7 2.1.1Autodesk I
nve
ntor建模软件介绍7 2.1.2果树的数据测量8 2.2苹果树动态特性分析8 2.2.1果树三维建模9 2.2.2 A
nsys简介9 2.2.3 A
nsys模态分析9 2.3苹果树谐和应分析12 2.4苹果的夹持高度分析14 3苹果摇振收获机结构设计16 3.1可行性分析16 3.2工作原理18 3.3整体设计19 4收集装置的设计19 4.1收集伞设计及材料选择20 4.2收集车厢设计21 5激振装置设计与计算22 5.1偏心块设计22 5.2偏心块的计算24 5.3偏心块的有限元分析26 5.4马达及动力源选型选取27 5.5齿轮的计算29 5.6轴的设计32 5.7键的设计33 5.8夹持装置设计34 5.9夹持液压缸的选型35 6车体设计及部件选型35 6.1轮胎的选型36 6.2抬升液压缸的选型37 总结38 参考文献. 39 致谢41 1绪论 1.1课题研究背景及意义 苹果是我国传统经济作物之一，在我国农业经济中占据着举足轻重的地位。随着国内经济的不断发展，我国苹果的出口量一跃成为世界第二大出口国，带动了国内农业经济的发展。 苹果是日常生活中最常见的水果，不仅价格便宜而且含有丰富的膳食纤维、维生素C等营养元素，同时还具有降低心脏病风险、调节血糖，预防癌症[1]等功能，深受消费者的喜爱。苹果的种植在众多农产品中相对容易种植，有很好的耐寒性，适合在寒冷的气候下生长。适应性强，可以在各种类型的土壤和气候条件