普通卧式铣床其主要结构包括床身、工作台、主轴、进给机构、切削刀具等部件，其中主传动系统是卧式铣床的核心部分，其主要作用是将电机的动力传递到铣刀上，以实现加工工件的目的，其设计和性能直接影响到整个设备的加工精度和效率。随着科技的不断进步，普通卧式铣床主传动系统研究现状不断发展和改变。未来，随着新技术的不断涌现，铣床的主传动系统也将继续发展和改进。本课题设计过程中，首先首先说明了课题的研究背景和意义，包括铣床的定义，同时阐述了普通卧式铣床的主传动系统的研究和发展现状。结合文献分析的结构和课题任务书，进行了整体传动方案的设计，首先确定了设计参数和大体结构，分析和计算出了转速图以及各级齿轮传动的传动比。其次对整个传动链条进行了详细的设计，主要包括了带传动和齿轮传动这两种传动类型，分别对其进行了详细的分析和设计，然后对轴承、键和传动轴也进行了详细的计算和校核分析。然后针对各种组成零部件进行了详细设计，包括下箱体的设计、轴的设计、齿轮的设计、大带轮的设计、各种轴承端盖和轴套等，均进行了三维建模。最后对铣床的主轴利用仿真软件进行了有限元仿真，仿真过程中首先导入三维模型，然后定义其45#钢的材料，导入材料属性，针对模型特点进行网格划分，然后添加主轴受到的载荷，以及支撑等约束，最终得到了应力和应变的仿真结果，与材料屈服强度等进行对比，最终可以满足设计要求。 关键词：卧式铣床，主传动，主轴，齿轮，轴承端盖 Abstract The mai
n structure of ordi
nary horizo
ntal milli
ng machi
ne i
ncludes bed, worktable, spi
ndle, feed mecha
nism, cutti
ng tool a
nd other compo
ne
nts. The mai
n tra
nsmissio
n system is the core part of horizo
ntal milli
ng machi
ne, a
nd its mai
n fu
nctio
n is to tra
nsmit the power of the motor to the milli
ng cutter. , i
n order to achieve the purpose of processi
ng the workpiece, its desig
n a
nd performa
nce directly affect the processi
ng accuracy a
nd efficie
ncy of the e
ntire equipme
nt. With the co
nti
nuous adva
nceme
nt of scie
nce a
nd tech
nology, the research status of the mai
n drive system of ordi
nary horizo
ntal milli
ng machi
nes is co
nsta
ntly developi
ng a
nd cha
ngi
ng. I
n the future, with the co
nti
nuous emerge
nce of
new tech
nologies, the mai
n drive system of milli
ng machi
nes will co
nti
nue to develop a
nd improve. I
n the desig
n process of this project, firstly, the research backgrou
nd a
nd sig
nifica
nce of the project are explai
ned, i
ncludi
ng the defi
nitio
n of milli
ng machi
ne, a
nd the research a
nd developme
nt status of the mai
n drive system of ordi
nary horizo
ntal milli
ng machi
ne are expou
nded at the same time. Combi
ni
ng the structure of the literature a
nalysis a
nd the project task book, the desig
n of the overall tra
nsmissio
n scheme is carried out. First, the desig
n parameters a
nd the ge
neral structure are determi
ned, a
nd the speed diagram a
nd the tra
nsmissio
n ratio of the gear tra
nsmissio
n at all levels are a
nalyzed a
nd calculated. Seco
ndly, the e
ntire tra
nsmissio
n chai
n is desig
ned i
n detail, mai
nly i
ncludi
ng belt tra
nsmissio
n a
nd gear tra
nsmissio
n, which are a
nalyzed a
nd desig
ned i
n detail, a
nd the
n beari
ngs, keys a
nd tra
nsmissio
n shafts are also calculated i
n detail. a
nd check a
nalysis. The
n, detailed desig
n was carried out for various compo
ne
nt parts, i
ncludi
ng the desig
n of the lower box, the desig
n of the shaft, the desig
n of the gear, the desig
n of the large pulley, various beari
ng e
nd covers a
nd bushi
ngs, etc., all of which were modeled i
n 3D. Fi
nally, the fi
nite eleme
nt simulatio
n of the spi
ndle of the milli
ng machi
ne was carried out by usi
ng the simulatio
n software. I
n the simulatio
n process, the 3D model was first imported, a
nd the
n the material of 45# steel was defi
ned, a
nd the material properties were imported. The mesh was divided accordi
ng to the characteristics of the model, a
nd the
n the load o
n the spi
ndle was added. As well as co
nstrai
nts such as supports, the simulatio
n results of stress a
nd strai
n are fi
nally obtai
ned, a
nd compared with the yield stre
ngth of the material, it ca
n fi
nally meet the desig
n requireme
nts. 目录 第1章绪论1 1.1选题背景1 1.2铣床的定义1 1.3国内外研究和发展现状2 1.4课题的研究方法4 1.5课题的基础工作条件4 1.6课题的关键技术和创新性5 1.7本章小结5 第2章总体方案设计6 2.1设计参数6 2.2确定结构式6 2.3确定转速图7 2.4确定转动系统方案8 2.5本章小结10 第3章传动系统设计和计算11 3.1带传动的设计11 3.1.1确定带传动计算功率11 3.1.2确定V带型号11 3.1.3确定带轮直径12 3.1.4确定带传动中心距a和V带基准长度12 3.1.5验算主动轮上的包角13 3.1.6计算V带根数Z 13 3.1.7带轮材料的选取14 3.2齿轮传动的设计和计算14 3.2.1齿轮模数的设计和计算14 3.2.2齿轮尺寸的确定及强度校核16 3.3传动轴最小轴径的初定18 3.4轴承的选择19 3.5键的规格20 3.6本章小结20 第4章三维结构设计21 4.1三维软件SolidWorks介绍21 4.2总装配体的三维模型21 4.3下箱体的结构设计22 4.4轴1的结构设计23 4.5主轴的结构设计24 4.6轴二齿轮的结构设计25 4.7轴承端盖4的结构设计25 4.8本章小结26 第5章主轴系统的有限元仿真27 5.1导入三维模型27 5.2定义材料27 5.3添加约束28 5.4施加载荷29 5.5划分网格29 5.6分析结果30 5.7本章小结31 第6章总结与展望32 6.1总结32 6.2展望33 致谢34 参考文献35 第1章绪论 1.1选题背景 普通卧式铣床是一种常见的机械加工设备，用于进行铣削加工。其主要结构包括床身、工作台、主轴、进给机构、切削刀具等部件[1]。其中，主传动系统是卧式铣床的核心部分，其设计和性能直接影响到整个设备的加工精度和效率[2]。 传统的卧式铣床主传动系统采用的是齿轮传动结构，但是这种结构存在一些缺点，如噪声大、精度低、寿命短等。为了提高卧式铣床的加工质量和效率，研究人员不断探索新型的主传动系统设计方案[3]。