林业火情探测四轴飞行器结构设计
THE STRUCTURE DESIGN OF THE FOUR-AXIS AIRCRAFT FOR FOREST FIRE DETECTION
摘要
四轴飞行器目前属于火热的可垂直起落的飞行器,具有结构简单、动力强大、可用的行业范围大并且飞行时可靠性高,各种专业程度高的飞行器被各行各业所喜爱,因此,主流研究其专业化越来越密切。本文所设的无人机乃用于观察森林里的火情,是专行专业使用的。
本文对四轴飞行器的机构与原理先行分析,主要是设计四轴飞行器的结构部分,通过对机架里的主板、力臂与起落架等机械结构设计,选择合理的碳纤维复合材料来构造机架,通过三维软件来建模,组成一个四轴飞行器的机架,对于云台机械结构的设计分析,利用齿轮减速机构来细分转动角度,通过支架来支撑摄像机。
叙述了森林火情探测的四轴飞行器的设计过程,从动力部分、结构部分到控制部分。
关键词四轴;飞行器;结构设计;碳纤维;机架;云台
Abstract
Four aircraft at prese
nt belo
ngs to the hot axis ca
n be vertical take-off a
nd la
ndi
ng aircraft, has the adva
ntages of simple structure, power stro
ng, the available i
ndustry whe
n flyi
ng ra
nge a
nd high reliability, high degree of professio
nal aircraft is e
njoyed by all walks of life, therefore, the mai
nstream study its specializatio
n is more a
nd more closely. The uav used i
n this paper is used to observe the fire i
n the forest. Four axis i
n this paper, the a
nalysis of the mecha
nism a
nd pri
nciple of aircraft, mai
nly desig
n of aircraft structure parts, four axis through the frame i
n the motherboard, lever a
nd the la
ndi
ng gear a
nd other mecha
nical structure desig
n, selecti
ng ratio
nal carbo
n fiber composite materials to co
nstruct the frame, through 3 d software modeli
ng, composed of a vehicle frame, four axis for head machi
nery desig
n a
nd a
nalysis of the structure, gear reductio
n mecha
nism is used to segme
nt the rotatio
n A
ngle, through a bracket to support the camera. This paper describes the desig
n process of the four-axis aircraft i
n forest fire detectio
n, from the power part, the structure part to the co
ntrol part. Keywords our-axis aircraft structural desig
n carbo
n fiber rack head 目录 摘要I Abstract II 1绪论1 1.1课题研究的背景及意义1 1.1.1课题研究的背景1 1.1.2课题研究的意义1 1.2四轴飞行器的发展的状况2 1.3本课题的主要研究的问题以及各章安排5 1.4四轴飞行器的结构形式5 1.5四轴飞行器的飞行原理6 2动力系统设计8 2.1起飞重量的确定8 2.2电机方案与选择8 2.3螺旋桨的选择9 2.4推重比的确定9 2.5电池的选择11 2.6电调的选择12 2.7电池充电器的选择13 3机架结构设计14 3.1机架结构的方案与选择14 3.2机架材料的选择15 3.3主板的设计17 3.4力臂的设计17 3.5起落架的设计18 3.6电机底座的设计19 4云台结构设计21 4.1云台结构的方案与选择21 4.2减速器设计21 4.2.1X轴上的减速器设计21 4.2.2Z轴减速器设计23 4.3轴的设计24 4.3.1X轴的设计24 4.3.2Z轴的设计24 4.4轴承的选择25 4.4.1X轴轴承的选择25 4.4.2Z轴轴承的选择25 5控制系统设计26 5.1飞控系统的设计26 5.2无线数据传输路的设计29 5.3总体控制系统的设计30 结论32 致谢33 参考文献34
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nt belo
ngs to the hot axis ca
n be vertical take-off a
nd la
ndi
ng aircraft, has the adva
ntages of simple structure, power stro
ng, the available i
ndustry whe
n flyi
ng ra
nge a
nd high reliability, high degree of professio
nal aircraft is e
njoyed by all walks of life, therefore, the mai
nstream study its specializatio
n is more a
nd more closely. The uav used i
n this paper is used to observe the fire i
n the forest. Four axis i
n this paper, the a
nalysis of the mecha
nism a
nd pri
nciple of aircraft, mai
nly desig
n of aircraft structure parts, four axis through the frame i
n the motherboard, lever a
nd the la
ndi
ng gear a
nd other mecha
nical structure desig
n, selecti
ng ratio
nal carbo
n fiber composite materials to co
nstruct the frame, through 3 d software modeli
ng, composed of a vehicle frame, four axis for head machi
nery desig
n a
nd a
nalysis of the structure, gear reductio
n mecha
nism is used to segme
nt the rotatio
n A
ngle, through a bracket to support the camera. This paper describes the desig
n process of the four-axis aircraft i
n forest fire detectio
n, from the power part, the structure part to the co
ntrol part. Keywords our-axis aircraft structural desig
n carbo
n fiber rack head 目录 摘要I Abstract II 1绪论1 1.1课题研究的背景及意义1 1.1.1课题研究的背景1 1.1.2课题研究的意义1 1.2四轴飞行器的发展的状况2 1.3本课题的主要研究的问题以及各章安排5 1.4四轴飞行器的结构形式5 1.5四轴飞行器的飞行原理6 2动力系统设计8 2.1起飞重量的确定8 2.2电机方案与选择8 2.3螺旋桨的选择9 2.4推重比的确定9 2.5电池的选择11 2.6电调的选择12 2.7电池充电器的选择13 3机架结构设计14 3.1机架结构的方案与选择14 3.2机架材料的选择15 3.3主板的设计17 3.4力臂的设计17 3.5起落架的设计18 3.6电机底座的设计19 4云台结构设计21 4.1云台结构的方案与选择21 4.2减速器设计21 4.2.1X轴上的减速器设计21 4.2.2Z轴减速器设计23 4.3轴的设计24 4.3.1X轴的设计24 4.3.2Z轴的设计24 4.4轴承的选择25 4.4.1X轴轴承的选择25 4.4.2Z轴轴承的选择25 5控制系统设计26 5.1飞控系统的设计26 5.2无线数据传输路的设计29 5.3总体控制系统的设计30 结论32 致谢33 参考文献34
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