红外遥控六足爬行机器人控制系统设计
DESIGN OF THE INFRARED REMOTE HEAPOD CRAWING ROBOT CONTROL SYSTEM
摘要
机器人是机构学、运动学、控制理论等学科发展水平的综合体现,是当前国内外研究的热点问题之一。
从仿生学的角度,昆虫的生理构造及行为是比较容易模仿的,我们的机器人正是在模仿六足行走的动物,该机器人是一个仿生六足行走的机器人,通过对伺服马达的精确控制,模拟六足动物的行走步态,实现行走、急跑、转弯等各种步态行为,并能在各种地面环境下进行步态的智能调整,自适应光滑地面、粗糙地面、沙石地面、湿泥地面等恶劣的路面环境。
分析六足爬行机器人步进,参照实体机器人结构尺寸利用软件Cad设计机器人结构零部件的尺寸,及其整体结构尺寸。
该机器人通过AT89S51、红外发射模块、红外接收模块及相应的辅助电路制实现三角步态行走,实现诸如直线行走、倒退、转弯等基本功能。
关键词六足机器人;结构设计;三角步态;AT89S51单片机;红外遥控
Abstract
Robot is the comprehe
nsive reflectio
n of robot, ki
nematics, co
ntrol theory a
nd other discipli
nes’ level of developme
nt. It’s o
ne of the hot issues of curre
nt domestic a
nd i
nter
natio
nal research. Fromthe perspective of bio
nics, physiological structurea
nd behaviorof i
nsectsis relatively easy to imitate. Our robot is i
n imitatio
n of six-legged walki
ng a
nimals, robot is a bio
nic hexapod walki
ng robot. Simulatio
n walki
ng gait of hexapod through the precise co
ntrol of servo motor system, achieve walki
ng, spri
nt, tur
n, a
nd other gait behavior, a
nd the e
nviro
nme
nt i
n a variety of grou
nd i
ntellige
nt adjustme
nt of the gait. Adapt to smooth surface, rough grou
nd, sa
nd floors, wet soil surface a
nd other harsh e
nviro
nme
nts. A
nalyze the gait of bio
nic hexapod crawli
ng robot. Use CAD to desig
n the size of structural parts a
nd the overall structure accordi
ng to physical size of the robot. Use AT89S51 SCM, I
nfrared tra
nsmitter module, I
nfrared receiver module a
nd the correspo
ndi
ng auxiliary circuit ,the robot ca
n walk based o
n bio
nic pri
nciple,a
nd has some adva
ntages such as simple,active moveme
nts, harmo
ny i
n walki
ng a
nd etc. Keywords Hexapod robot Structure desig
n Tripod gait AT89S51 microprocessor I
nfrared Remote Co
ntrol 目录 摘要I Abstract II 1绪论1 1.1机器人概述1 1.2仿生机器人的概念及发展趋势1 1.3本课题研究的目的和意义2 2红外遥控六足机器人系统设计3 2.1系统总体方案3 2.2系统方案论证3 2.2.1机器人行走方案论证3 2.2.2机体方案论证4 2.2.3控制器方案论证4 2.2.4驱动器方案论证4 2.2.5供电单元论证5 2.2.6红外遥控设备论证5 2.3系统最终方案5 3六足机器人的步态规划6 3.1行走原理6 3.2六足行走的具体分析7 3.3步态稳定性分析8 4各个部件的设计9 4.1主板结构设计9 4.2腿部结构的设计9 4.3腿与主板连接件10 4.5肢体部件间的装配12 5驱动器设计13 5.1微型伺服马达内部结构13 5.2微型伺服马达的工作原理13 5.3微型伺服马达控制14 5.4伺服马达的电源引线15 5.5伺服马达的运动速度16 5.6使用伺服马达的注意事项16 6控制系统硬件设计17 6.1系统硬件电路介绍17 6.2单片机最小系统17 6.2.1 AT89S51单片机简介18 6.2.2时钟电路与复位电路介绍19 6.4电机驱动电路介绍20 6.5红外遥控电路介绍20 7控制系统软件设计22 7.1系统软件流程22 7.2舵机控制软件分析23 7.3红外控制软件分析24 结论26 致谢27 参考文献28 附录29 附录1 29 附录2 35
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nsive reflectio
n of robot, ki
nematics, co
ntrol theory a
nd other discipli
nes’ level of developme
nt. It’s o
ne of the hot issues of curre
nt domestic a
nd i
nter
natio
nal research. Fromthe perspective of bio
nics, physiological structurea
nd behaviorof i
nsectsis relatively easy to imitate. Our robot is i
n imitatio
n of six-legged walki
ng a
nimals, robot is a bio
nic hexapod walki
ng robot. Simulatio
n walki
ng gait of hexapod through the precise co
ntrol of servo motor system, achieve walki
ng, spri
nt, tur
n, a
nd other gait behavior, a
nd the e
nviro
nme
nt i
n a variety of grou
nd i
ntellige
nt adjustme
nt of the gait. Adapt to smooth surface, rough grou
nd, sa
nd floors, wet soil surface a
nd other harsh e
nviro
nme
nts. A
nalyze the gait of bio
nic hexapod crawli
ng robot. Use CAD to desig
n the size of structural parts a
nd the overall structure accordi
ng to physical size of the robot. Use AT89S51 SCM, I
nfrared tra
nsmitter module, I
nfrared receiver module a
nd the correspo
ndi
ng auxiliary circuit ,the robot ca
n walk based o
n bio
nic pri
nciple,a
nd has some adva
ntages such as simple,active moveme
nts, harmo
ny i
n walki
ng a
nd etc. Keywords Hexapod robot Structure desig
n Tripod gait AT89S51 microprocessor I
nfrared Remote Co
ntrol 目录 摘要I Abstract II 1绪论1 1.1机器人概述1 1.2仿生机器人的概念及发展趋势1 1.3本课题研究的目的和意义2 2红外遥控六足机器人系统设计3 2.1系统总体方案3 2.2系统方案论证3 2.2.1机器人行走方案论证3 2.2.2机体方案论证4 2.2.3控制器方案论证4 2.2.4驱动器方案论证4 2.2.5供电单元论证5 2.2.6红外遥控设备论证5 2.3系统最终方案5 3六足机器人的步态规划6 3.1行走原理6 3.2六足行走的具体分析7 3.3步态稳定性分析8 4各个部件的设计9 4.1主板结构设计9 4.2腿部结构的设计9 4.3腿与主板连接件10 4.5肢体部件间的装配12 5驱动器设计13 5.1微型伺服马达内部结构13 5.2微型伺服马达的工作原理13 5.3微型伺服马达控制14 5.4伺服马达的电源引线15 5.5伺服马达的运动速度16 5.6使用伺服马达的注意事项16 6控制系统硬件设计17 6.1系统硬件电路介绍17 6.2单片机最小系统17 6.2.1 AT89S51单片机简介18 6.2.2时钟电路与复位电路介绍19 6.4电机驱动电路介绍20 6.5红外遥控电路介绍20 7控制系统软件设计22 7.1系统软件流程22 7.2舵机控制软件分析23 7.3红外控制软件分析24 结论26 致谢27 参考文献28 附录29 附录1 29 附录2 35
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