机械5

轻型载货汽车变速器设计 摘要 变速器设计制造是用以达到提高汽车动力性和经济性目的。本次设计任务是设计构造一台用于轻型载货汽车上多档式机械式变速器。 汽车传动系功能为调试转换发动机本质，更是左右整个整体性能主要部件成分。变速器设计水平技术是对汽车动力性能、换档操纵实用性和便利性、燃料省钱、传动稳定性和效率等等都有密切联系。汽车工业水平日益发展，轻型载货汽车变速器设计潮流是为增大变速器传递功率和重量之比，还需要变速器拥有合适小尺寸与良好的性能。 本文详述如何选择发动机、变速器、变速器同步器、变速器箱体以及对各个阐述的部件进行确定和设计。对汽车变速器工业发展进程有一个详细和全面了解，做到知己知彼百战不殆的一种设计状态，对与接下来的设计更是一个极其重要铺垫和延伸。 关键词：变速器；机械式的变速器齿轮；同步器；结构；强度校核 Abstract The task of this graduatio
n project is to desig
n a six speed mecha
nical tra
nsmissio
n for medium goods vehicles. The tra
nsmissio
n is o
ne of the most importa
nt parts i
n the automobile tra
nsmissio
n system. The reaso
nable desig
n a
nd arra
ngeme
nt of the tra
nsmissio
n ca
n make the power of the e
ngi
ne get the most reaso
nable use, thus improvi
ng the power a
nd eco
nomy of the car. The automobile drive system is the core compo
ne
nt of the car. The task is to regulate the performa
nce of the co
nverter e
ngi
ne a
nd tra
nsmit the power effectively a
nd eco
nomically to the drivi
ng wheels to meet the requireme
nts of the vehicle. Tra
nsmissio
n is a
n importa
nt part of the tra
nsmissio
n system, a
nd it is also o
ne of the mai
n compo
ne
nts that determi
ne the performa
nce of the vehicle. The desig
n level of the tra
nsmissio
n has a direct impact o
n the vehicle's power, fuel eco
nomy, the reliability a
nd co
nve
nie
nce of the shift co
ntrol, the tra
nsmissio
n stability a
nd efficie
ncy. With the developme
nt of the automobile i
ndustry, the desig
n tre
nd of the medium truck tra
nsmissio
n is to i
ncrease the tra
nsmissio
n power a
nd weight ratio of the tra
nsmissio
n, a
nd require the tra
nsmissio
n to have a smaller size a
nd good performa
nce. The selectio
n of e
ngi
ne, the determi
natio
n of tra
nsmissio
n scheme, the desig
n of gearbox, the desig
n of gearbox sy
nchro
nizer a
nd the desig
n of gearbox are described i
n this paper. U
nder the co
nditio
ns of the output torque, speed, maximum speed a
nd maximum climbi
ng degree of a medium truck e
ngi
ne, the structural parameters of the gear a
nd the size of the shaft are desig
ned a
nd calculated. Keywords：Mecha
nical tra
nsmissio
n; tra
nsmissio
n; gear; sy
nchro
nizer; desig
n; structure; stre
ngth check. 目录 摘要I Abstract II 目录1 第1章绪论1 1.1汽车变速器的概述1 1.2汽车变速器研究状况、发展趋势及成果1 1.2.1研究现状1 1.2.2设计目意义2 1.2.3汽车变速器发展趋势2 1.3汽车变速器设计方法以及研究内容3 1.3.1变速器设计主要内容3 第2章变速器传动机构布置方案4 2.1变速器选择4 2.1.1结构工艺性4 2.1.2变速器径向尺寸4 2.1.3变速器齿轮的寿命4 2.1.4变速器的传动效率4 2.2倒挡布置方案4 2.3零、部件结构方案分析5 2.3.1齿轮形式5 2.3.2换挡机构形式5 2.3.3自动脱挡5 第3章变速器主要参数的选择及齿数的分配7 3.1概述7 3.2挡数推算应用7 3.3传动比范围7 3.4变速器各档传动比确定7 3.5中心距A 8 3.6齿轮参数8 3.6.1模数8 3.6.2压力角9 3.6.3螺旋角β 9 3.6.4齿宽9 3.6.5齿顶高系数10 3.7各挡齿轮齿数分配10 3.7.1决定齿轮一档的齿数10 3.7.2确定常啮合传动齿轮12 3.7.3确定其他各挡齿数14 第4章齿轮校核28 4.1对于齿轮材料的选择要求28 4.2求取各个轴的转矩数值28 4.3齿轮强度计算29 4.3.1对于轮齿弯曲强度计算29 4.3.2轮齿接触应力33 第5章变速器的轴及其轴承的设计计算38 5.1对变速器轴径及其轴长设计计算38 5.2变速器轴强度计算38 5.2.1齿轮上受力计算38 5.2.2轴强度计算41 5.2.3对轴刚度计算43 第六章轴承选择及校核45 6.1变速器中轴承形式选择45 6.2轴承的校核46 第七章同步器和操纵机构设计及选用49 7.1同步器设计49 7.1.1介绍锁环式同步器49 7.1.2同步器主要参数确定50 7.2变速器操纵机构设计52 7.2.1变速器操纵机构要求及分类52 7.2.2变速器操纵机构分析53 7.3变速器中对于箱体的设计要求54 7.4本章小结54 第八章变速器中的润滑与密封55 8.1变速器中润滑55 8.2变速器中密封55 结论56 参考文献57 致谢58