机械5

减速器箱座机械加工工艺规程及镗夹具设计 摘要 本文是对减速器箱座进行图样分析后，再根据减速器箱座材料性能、精度要求、结构特点以及加工类型进行减速器箱座的机械加工工艺过程的设计，并设计一主要工序的专用夹具。 减速器箱座的主要加工内容是表面和孔。其加工路线长，加工时间多，加工成本高，零件的加工精度要求也高。按照机械加工工艺要求，遵循先面后孔、先主后次的原则，将孔与平面的加工明确划分成粗加工和精加工阶段以保证加工精度。基准选择底面作为粗基准，以底面与两个工艺孔作为精基准，确定了其加工的工艺路线和加工中所需要的各种工艺参数。 在零件的夹具设计中，主要是根据零件加工工序要求，分析应该限制哪几个自由度，进而再根据零件的表面特性选择定位元件，再分析所选定位元件能否限制应限的自由度。确定了定位元件后还要选择夹紧元件，最后就是确定专用夹具的结构形式。 关键词：减速器箱体；加工工艺；设计；夹具 Abstract I
n this paper, the desig
n of the mecha
nical processi
ng process of the reducer box seat is carried out accordi
ng to the material performa
nce, precisio
n requireme
nts, structure characteristics a
nd processi
ng types of the reducer box seat, a
nd a special fixture for the mai
n process is desig
ned. The mai
n processi
ng co
nte
nts of reducer box seat are surface a
nd hole. It 's processi
ng route is lo
ng, processi
ng time is high, processi
ng cost is high, a
nd the machi
ni
ng accuracy of parts is also high. Accordi
ng to the requireme
nts of the machi
ni
ng process, the pri
nciple of the first face a
nd rear hole is followed, a
nd the machi
ni
ng of the hole a
nd the pla
ne is clearly divided i
nto the rough machi
ni
ng a
nd fi
nishi
ng stage to e
nsure the machi
ni
ng precisio
n. The base surface is used as the base refere
nce, a
nd the base surface a
nd the two process holes are used as the precisio
n datum. The process route a
nd the process parameters
needed i
n the processi
ng are determi
ned. I
n the fixture desig
n of the parts, it is mai
nly based o
n the requireme
nts of the parts processi
ng procedure, which is to a
nalyze which degree of freedom should be limited, a
nd the
n select the positio
ni
ng eleme
nt accordi
ng to the surface characteristics of the parts, a
nd the
n a
nalyze whether the selected locatio
n eleme
nt ca
n limit the degree of freedom. After fixi
ng the positio
ni
ng eleme
nt, the clampi
ng eleme
nt should be selected. Fi
nally, the structural form of the special fixture is determi
ned. Key words：reducer box；processi
ng tech
nology；process；special fixture 目录 1绪论1 1.1本课题的研究内容和意义1 1.2国内外的发展概况1 1.3本课题应达到的要求2 2零件的分析3 2.1零件的作用3 2.2零件的工艺分析3 3工艺规程设计5 3.1确定毛坯的制造形式5 3.2定位基准的选择5 3.2.1粗基准的选择5 3.2.2精基准的选择6 3.3拟定工艺路线6 3.3.1划分加工阶段6 3.3.2安排加工顺序7 3.3.3拟定加工工艺路线7 3.4机械加工余量、工序尺寸及毛坯尺寸的确定9 3.5确定切削用量及基本工时10 4.镗孔专用夹具设计30 4.1工件定位分析30 4.2夹紧机构的确定31 4.3定位误差分析31 4.4切削力及夹紧力的计算32 4.5夹具操作简要说明34 总结35 参考文献36 致谢37