F400固定管板式换热器设计
摘要
换热设备在很多行业部门都会有应用,而且极为广泛,比如炼油在炼油、石油化工等各领域,它可以适用于有关传热的各个方面。
F400固定管板式换热器也就是换热设备中的一种,其换热效率、设备所属体积大小以及对于金属的消耗比不上现今出现的新型换热器,但是它也有很多其他换热设备所不具有的各种优良品质,就比如在结构坚固、弹性大孝可靠性高、使用范围等方面,因此固定管板式换热器在各个行业得到广泛应用。
想要保证固定管板式换热器的强度和使用时间长短,就需要设计合理的结构,所以就需要在材料、压力、温度、壁温差、结垢情况、流体性质和维修与清洗等等各个因素上考虑来选取一种合理的结构。
因为使用的情况不同,就算是同一种形式的换热器也要使用不一样的的结构。我们在工程设计的时候,要尽可能的选取定性系列的产品,或者是按照一定的要求来设计,这样才能达到在工艺方面的条件(设计出在一定的情况下最优良最节省材料最实用也容易生产的换热器等)。
关键词:固定管板式换热器;使用范围;结构设计
ABSCHACT
Heat excha
nger is widely used i
n ma
ny i
ndustries, such as refi
ni
ng, petrochemical a
nd so o
n. It ca
n be used i
n all aspects of heat tra
nsfer. F400 fixed tube-plate heat excha
nger is o
ne of the heat excha
ngers. Its heat tra
nsfer efficie
ncy, the size of the equipme
nt, a
nd the co
nsumptio
n of metals are
not as good as those of the
new type of heat excha
ngers. However, it also has ma
ny excelle
nt qualities that other heat tra
nsfer equipme
nts do
not have, such as solid structure, elastic size, high reliability, applicatio
n ra
nge a
nd so o
n. Therefore, fixed-tube plate heat excha
nger is widely used i
n various i
ndustries. I
n order to e
nsure the stre
ngth a
nd the use time of the fixed tube plate heat excha
nger , it is
necessary to desig
n a reaso
nable structure , so it is
necessary to select a reaso
nable structure o
n various factors such as material , pressure , temperature , wall temperature differe
nce , scali
ng , fluid property a
nd mai
nte
na
nce a
nd clea
ni
ng . Because of the differe
nt co
nditio
ns, eve
n the same type of heat excha
nger has to use a differe
nt structure. Whe
n we desig
n our projects, we should choose as ma
ny qualitative products as possible, or desig
n them accordi
ng to certai
n requireme
nts. O
nly i
n this way ca
n we meet the tech
nological co
nditio
ns (desig
n the best, most eco
nomical, practical a
nd easy to produce heat excha
ngers, etc.) u
nder certai
n circumsta
nces. Key words:fixed tube-plate heat excha
nger; scope of use; structural desig
n 目录 1前言1 1.1概述1 1.1.1换热器的类型1 1.1.2换热器1 1.2设计的目的与意义2 1.3管壳式换热器发展的情况2 1.4壳层强化传热2 1.5管层强化传热3 1.6增加管壳式换热器传热能力的方式3 2换热器结构论述5 2.1换热器管形的设计5 2.2换热器管径的设计5 2.3换热管排列形式的设计5 2.4管、壳程分程设计5 2.5折流板的结构设计6 2.6管、壳程进、出口的设计6 2.7选材方法6 2.7.1管壳式换热器的选型6 2.7.2两种流体流径的选择9 2.7.3流速的选择9 2.7.4材质的选择10 2.7.5管程结构10 3管壳式换热器的热力计算11 3.1确定一般参数11 3.2传热量与水流热量11 3.3有效平均温差12 3.4结构初步设计12 3.5管程换热系数计算13 3.6壳程换热系数计算14 3.7总传热系数计算15 3.8管壁温度计算16 3.9管程压降计算16 3.10壳程压降计算17 4换热器的结构设计19 4.1换热器壳体壁厚计算及校核19 4.2换热器封头的选择及校核20 4.3容器法兰的选择20 4.4管板21 4.5管子拉脱力的计算22 4.6计算是否安装膨胀节23 4.7折流板设计25 5强度压力计算和校核28 5.1壳体厚度校核28 5.2管子拉脱力校核28 5.3开孔补强的计算30 小结31 参考文献32 致谢33
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nger is widely used i
n ma
ny i
ndustries, such as refi
ni
ng, petrochemical a
nd so o
n. It ca
n be used i
n all aspects of heat tra
nsfer. F400 fixed tube-plate heat excha
nger is o
ne of the heat excha
ngers. Its heat tra
nsfer efficie
ncy, the size of the equipme
nt, a
nd the co
nsumptio
n of metals are
not as good as those of the
new type of heat excha
ngers. However, it also has ma
ny excelle
nt qualities that other heat tra
nsfer equipme
nts do
not have, such as solid structure, elastic size, high reliability, applicatio
n ra
nge a
nd so o
n. Therefore, fixed-tube plate heat excha
nger is widely used i
n various i
ndustries. I
n order to e
nsure the stre
ngth a
nd the use time of the fixed tube plate heat excha
nger , it is
necessary to desig
n a reaso
nable structure , so it is
necessary to select a reaso
nable structure o
n various factors such as material , pressure , temperature , wall temperature differe
nce , scali
ng , fluid property a
nd mai
nte
na
nce a
nd clea
ni
ng . Because of the differe
nt co
nditio
ns, eve
n the same type of heat excha
nger has to use a differe
nt structure. Whe
n we desig
n our projects, we should choose as ma
ny qualitative products as possible, or desig
n them accordi
ng to certai
n requireme
nts. O
nly i
n this way ca
n we meet the tech
nological co
nditio
ns (desig
n the best, most eco
nomical, practical a
nd easy to produce heat excha
ngers, etc.) u
nder certai
n circumsta
nces. Key words:fixed tube-plate heat excha
nger; scope of use; structural desig
n 目录 1前言1 1.1概述1 1.1.1换热器的类型1 1.1.2换热器1 1.2设计的目的与意义2 1.3管壳式换热器发展的情况2 1.4壳层强化传热2 1.5管层强化传热3 1.6增加管壳式换热器传热能力的方式3 2换热器结构论述5 2.1换热器管形的设计5 2.2换热器管径的设计5 2.3换热管排列形式的设计5 2.4管、壳程分程设计5 2.5折流板的结构设计6 2.6管、壳程进、出口的设计6 2.7选材方法6 2.7.1管壳式换热器的选型6 2.7.2两种流体流径的选择9 2.7.3流速的选择9 2.7.4材质的选择10 2.7.5管程结构10 3管壳式换热器的热力计算11 3.1确定一般参数11 3.2传热量与水流热量11 3.3有效平均温差12 3.4结构初步设计12 3.5管程换热系数计算13 3.6壳程换热系数计算14 3.7总传热系数计算15 3.8管壁温度计算16 3.9管程压降计算16 3.10壳程压降计算17 4换热器的结构设计19 4.1换热器壳体壁厚计算及校核19 4.2换热器封头的选择及校核20 4.3容器法兰的选择20 4.4管板21 4.5管子拉脱力的计算22 4.6计算是否安装膨胀节23 4.7折流板设计25 5强度压力计算和校核28 5.1壳体厚度校核28 5.2管子拉脱力校核28 5.3开孔补强的计算30 小结31 参考文献32 致谢33
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