机械5

饮料自动售卖机设计 摘要 本系统是基于单片微型计算机控制的散装饮料自动售货系统，用单片机的基本语言c语言和汇编语言来进行软件设计。本机是如此方便以至于可以安置在公园、车站、机场或者商场门口。该系统可分为纸杯销售机构部分、饮料销售机构部分。微机控制部分的功能又分四个部分。首先，商业行为应该讲求公正却不能没有防人之心，所以我们设置了硬币检测装置；其次，检测出结果后要进行退币或者收取动作，我们设计了退收币控制部分；再次，收了钱财当然要尽快让消费者拿到取饮料的纸杯，纸杯销售控制方案也必不可少；最后就要控制饮料的抽取和流出了。硬币检测装置在本设计中虽涉及不多，但它却要做诸如检验硬币真假并发出控制信号的很多事情；退收币机构在识别信号和按钮信号的控制下进行退收币动作；纸杯销售机构和饮料销售机构则根据识别结果并配合按钮控制信号完成销售任务。本设计中涉及到AT89S51和8031两种单片机的应用，如此安排以示两者区别，其实可以将个控制部分集成在一两个单片机上即足够了。本文详细阐述了此系统的机构设计方案和控制方案及设计过程中可能出现的问题及解决方案。设计者的工作包括：系统各功能单元方案的设计；各功能单元控制方案设计；画出各功能单元原理图；根据原理图设计c语言或汇编语言源程序；部分机构的绘图及加工工艺等。 关键词：单片机AT89S51；螺线管；电磁阀；步进电机；售货机 Abstract This system is a
n automaticve
ndi
ng machi
ne for u
npacked dri
nki
ngs o
n basis of the co
ntrlli
ng of si
ngle-chip microcomputer,whose co
ntrolli
ng program iswritted by the basic la
nguage for microco
nroller such as the c la
nguage a
nd the assembler la
nguage. This device is so co
nve
nie
nt that it ca
n be setted i
n park,statio
n,airport or outside the door of some supermarket. This system is composed of theve
ndi
ng mecha
nism for paper cups a
nd dri
nki
ngs. The co
ntrolli
ng part ca
n be seperated i
nto four. Firstly,commercial activities ca
n’t miss some bad boyswhile it should pursue just
ness,so coi
n-detactio
n device is setted up.seco
ndly,the actio
n of givi
ng back or taki
ng i
n the coi
ns accordi
ng to the result of detectio
n is suggested,sowe build up the co
ntrolli
ng portio
n for coi
ns’ gooi
ng or comi
ng.agai
n,the cup-distributio
n sectio
n is
neccsery before co
nsumerwill be thirsty for their cups for beverage.lastly,we should take measures to c
notrol the extracti
ng a
nd outflowi
ng of the beverage.although little is referred to the co
nte
nt of coi
n-detectio
n,it’s imprta
nt because itwill do so ma
ny co
ntributio
ns such asverifyi
ng coi
ns a
nd se
ndi
ng out some co
ntrolli
ng sig
nal.the machi
ne for coi
nswill rotate i
n i
n the light of sig
nals from coi
n-detectio
n a
nd press-butto
n. Theve
ndi
ng mecha
nisms for cups a
nd beveragewill accomplish the distributio
n missio
n based o
n the outcome of coi
ns’ ide
ntifyi
ng i
n coordi
natio
nwith butto
n’sig
nal. As to show the differe
nce,Two ki
nds of si
ngle-chip microco
ntroller as AT89S51 a
nd 8031 are i
nvoled i
n this project. But as a matter of fact o
ne or two is e
nough.this paper detailed the scheme of the system’s mecha
nisms a
nd their co
ntrolli
ng eve
n some possible problems a
nd their sollutio
n. Theworks of desig
ner are: the disg
n ofvarious u
nits of the system; the disg
n of the co
ntrlli
ng schemes; drawi
ng system schematics;writi
ng assembly la
nguage code or the c la
nguage code accordi
ng the schematics; the drawi
ng of some mecha
nisms a
nd the machi
ni
ng tech
nological disg
n. Keywords: AT89S51；Sole
noid；Electromag
netic Valve ; Step Motor；Ve
ndi
ng Machi
ne 目录 摘要I Abstract II 引言1 1绪论2 1.1自动售货机设计的主要内容2 1.2饮料售卖机机械框架图2 1.3自动售货机控制设计的基本思路3 1.4自动售货机设计中涉及的部分器件概述5 1.4.1 AT89S51单片机概述5 1.4.2步进电动机概述6 1.4.3螺线管概述7 1.4.4涡流概述8 1.4.5光电耦合概述9 1.4.6电磁阀概述11 1.4.7数字电路概述12 2纸杯销售机构方案及其控制设计15 2.1纸杯销售机构方案设计15 2.1.1纸杯销售机构机械方案的设计15 2.1.2纸杯销售机构控制方案的设计22 2.2纸杯销售机构方案优化设计26 3饮料销售机构方案及其控制设计29 3.1硬币识别机构的原理概述29 3.2退收硬币机构的方案及控制设计32 3.3抽饮料及出饮料控制方案的设计41 3.3.1抽饮料机构及控制方案设计41 4部分机构工艺设计及整机的部分优化51 4.1纸杯托板加工工艺设计简述51 4.2饮料容器加工工艺设计简述55 4.3整机的部分优化设计简述55 4.3.1单片机组的优化设计56 4.3.3饮料容器的优化设计57 4.3.4纸杯存放机构的优化设计58 4.3.5饮料抽取流速控制的优化设计59 5结论61 谢辞62 参考文献63