机械5

多功能小型扫雪除冰车除冰及其他部分的设计 摘要 纵观除雪破冰机械的发展现状，现有的设备绝大部分功能单一、外形大、价格高。所以研制具有：小巧轻便，操作简单，价格低廉，适合于小型公路和街道的使用且同时又扫雪除冰功能的设备具有广阔的发展前景。 为此本课题设计了一种小型多功能扫雪除冰车，该车同时具有前螺旋扫雪机构，中间破冰滚筒除冰，后扫冰机构收集碎冰的多重功能。本文主要是对多功能小型扫雪除冰车的除冰机构、升降机构和转向系统进行设计。首先对各机构的作用、基本构成、要求和总体性能进行了分析，破冰机构采用滚轮式振动破冰筒，其激振力是由带轮带动偏心块转动所产生的。升降机构由螺旋传动机构跟若干杆件构成，利用螺旋丝杠和曲柄滑块机构的共同作用实现除冰滚筒自锁和升降的功能，达到控制除冰滚筒的升降和根据冰层的厚度、硬度给以施加破冰力的作用，从而实现将冰一次性震碎。转向系统采用齿轮齿条转向器与转向梯形的互相配合来实现转向。同时又对各机构的空间位置进行布置，然后对个细节都进行详细设计。具体内容涉及带轮传动，螺旋传动，齿轮传动，以及杆件和主要零件的强度、刚度校核，同时利用CAXA软件绘制装配图和零件图。 关键词：破冰；升降；传动；转向 Abstract I
n the study of the developme
nt status of the s
now-removi
ng/ ice-breaki
ng machi
nery, thevast majority of existi
ng equipme
nts just have the si
ngle fu
nctio
n, the shape of large, the high price.Developed: small, lightweight, simple operatio
n, low cost, suitable for the use of small roads a
nd streets, a
nd has s
now-removi
ng/de-ici
ng features to the equipme
nt has broad prospects for developme
nt. To this e
nd, this subject desig
ned a
new deici
ng/s
now sweepervehicleswith multi-fu
nctio
n. It has several fu
nctio
ns such as the fro
nt spiral s
now sweepi
ng, the middle ice-breaki
ng a
nd the rear ice sweepi
ng a
nd collecti
ng. The desig
n is a desig
n of three parts of a small deici
ng/s
now sweeperwith multi-fu
nctio
n. They are the deici
ng bodies, the lifti
ng mecha
nism a
nd the steeri
ng systems. The paper firstly a
nalyzes the fu
nctio
ns of age
ncies, the basic compositio
n, the requireme
nts a
nd the overall performa
nce. Ice-breaki
ng bodies adopt the breaki
ng-ice tube ofwheelvibratio
n. The exciti
ng force is produced by the rotatio
n of Pulley drivi
ng ecce
ntric block. The lifti
ng mecha
nism is composed by the spiral drive mecha
nism a
nd some pole pieces. The combi
ned effect of the spiral screw a
nd the slider-cra
nk mecha
nism achieve the fu
nctio
n of the breaki
ng-ice tube ofwheel self-locki
ng a
nd lifti
ng. It co
ntrols the rise a
nd fall of the breaki
ng-ice tube ofwheel. Accordi
ng to the ice thick
ness, hard
ness, the role of ice-breaki
ng forcewill be give
n. I
n order to achieve the ice o
ne-time shattered. The steeri
ng system adopt a rack a
nd pi
nio
n steeri
ng gear a
nd the steeri
ng trapezoid. At the same time，it arra
nged the spatial locatio
n of every bodies. It the
n detailedly desig
n every detail. The specific co
nte
nt i
nvolves the pulley drivi
ng, the screw drive, the gear drivi
ng, aswell as the mai
n parts' stre
ngth a
nd stiff
ness checki
ng. At the same time, it use CAXA software to draw assembly drawi
ng a
nd parts diagrams. Keywords：deici
ng; lifti
ng; drivi
ng; steeri
ng 目录 0引言1 0.1总体概述1 0.2扫雪除冰车发展现状与存在问题2 0.3本课题所研究的方向2 1破冰筒结构的设计5 1.1偏心块的设计6 1.2轴承的选择6 1.3带传动的设计8 1.4键的选择与校核10 1.5轴的强度与刚度校核11 2升降机构的设计14 2.1螺旋传动的设计15 2.2拉杆强度校核17 2.3轨道的设计18 3转向机构的设计20 3.1齿轮齿条设计21 3.2齿轮齿条转向器的总体结构29 3.3梯形臂的设计30 结论30 谢辞31 参考文献32