机械5

万能材料实验机加热保温装置的设计 摘要 温度在材料进行试验时对其机械性能、工艺性能影响非常大。目前国内的万能材料试验机只能在常温下进行材料的力学性能实验，不能满足在不同温度条件下研究材料的力学性能，国外有类似产品，但其价格十分昂贵。因此本文的目的就是设计一个能够加热和保温的装置。通过对有关万能材料试验机现存问题的分析，由于对温度控制精度要求较高，而且能够对多点温度进行测量，并且控制过程方便简单，可对温度控制进行编程。所以确立了以三菱FX2N-64MR型可编程控制器（PLC）为控制核心，与FX2N-2LC温度调节模块相结合，在常规PID控制基础上，进行硬件和软件设计，实现对万能材料试验机试验箱的温度控制。通过温度传感器pt100对温度进行巡回检测，检测的信号经A/D模数转换得到相应的数字量，温控模块FX2N-2LC再进行判断和运算，得到应有的控制量，再经过D/A数模转换得到相应的模拟量，去控制加热接触器的通断，从而达到对温度的控制。另外利用组态软件设计上位机控制界面，通过FX2编程口与可编程控制器进行链接，利用RS232定的方式进行通信，以监视和辅助控制试验机保温腔的温度。 关键词：加热保温；PID控制；可编程控制器；FX2N-2LC温控模块；组态界面 Abstract It isvery large that the temperature affects the materials o
n the mecha
nical properties a
nd processi
ng properties i
n the test. Curre
ntly the u
niversal material testi
ng machi
ne ca
n o
nly testi
ng the mecha
nical properties of materials u
nder the room temperature. It ca
n
not meet the co
nditio
ns of differe
nt temperaturewhich to research the mecha
nical properties of materials. There are some similar products i
n abroad,but the price isvery expe
nsive. So this article is aimed at desig
ni
ng a device to heati
ng a
nd i
nsulati
ng. Because of the high precisio
n of temperature co
ntrol, a
nd it is required the temperature co
ntrol system be able to do multi-poi
nt temperature measureme
nt.Eve
n though co
ntrolli
ng the process easy a
nd co
nve
nie
nt,a
nd ca
n be programmed i
n the temperature co
ntrolli
ng.Through the a
nalysis of the existi
ng problems of the u
niversal material testi
ng machi
ne, so establishi
ng the Mitsubishi FX2N-64MR Programmable Logic Co
ntroller type as the co
ntrol ce
nter a
nd combi
ni
ngwith the FX2N-2LCwhich is a temperature co
ntrol module. I
n the basis of co
nve
ntio
nal PID co
ntrol,maki
ng hardware a
nd software desig
n,a
nd achievi
ng the temperature co
ntrol of the u
niversal material testi
ng machi
ne. By temperature se
nsor pt100 o
n the temperature for circuit testi
ng, the sig
nals of the detectio
n co
nvert the correspo
ndi
ng digital by A/ D a
nalog-digital. More, the temperature Co
ntrol Module FX2N-2LC judgme
nts a
nd operats, getti
ng amou
nt of co
ntrol they deserve.Further, go through D/A digital-a
nalog co
nverter getti
ng the correspo
ndi
ng a
nalog to co
ntrol the heater o
n or off to achieve the co
ntrol of temperature.At the same time,usi
ng the co
nfiguratio
n software to desig
n the temperature mo
nitori
ng a
nd co
ntrolli
ng i
nterface of the PC to mo
nitor a
nd assist-co
ntrol the temperature of the cavity i
nsulatio
n of the testi
ng machi
ne by usi
ng the FX2 programmi
ng port to li
nk to the Programmable Logic Co
ntroller a
nd RS232 to commu
nicate i
n the ma
n
ner. Keywords：heati
ng a
nd i
nsulati
ng ;PID co
ntrol ; Programmable Logic Co
ntroller ; FX2N-2LC temperature co
ntrol module ;Co
nfiguratio
n i
nterface 目录 引言1 1绪论2 1.1课题来源2 1.2目前温度控制系统2 1.3课题的设计与分析3 2控制理论4 2.1闭环控制系统4 2.2阶跃响应4 2.3 PID控制的原理和特点4 3硬件设计7 3.1硬件总体结构7 3.2主控模块的选择与设计7 3.2.1PLC的选用7 3.2.2PLC简述9 3.2.3PLC控制电路设计12 3.3温度控制模块的选择与设计13 3.3.1温控模块的选用13 3.3.2温控模块的简述13 3.3.3FX2N-2LC控制电路设计20 4软件设计（1） 23 4.1软件设计思想23 4.2控制要求及软元件定义23 4.2.1控制参数及要求23 4.2.2输入输出信号定义24 4.2.3内部继电器定义24 4.2.4数据寄存器定义24 4.3系统软件组成25 4.3.1温度设定值输入25 4.3.2模块状态的读出25 4.3.3模块参数的赋值26 4.3.4模块控制与报警27 5软件设计（2） 29 5.1组态软件简述29 5.2监控主界面的设计30 5.3数据报表设计32 5.4报警记录设计35 6试验箱的设计37 6.1试验箱结构图37 6.2保温腔结构图38 6.3窗门结构38 6.4材料选用39 6.5保护层39 7总结40 谢辞41 参考文献42 附录43