机械5

椰子剥壳机的设计 摘要 椰子(Cocos
nucifera L.)是棕榈科椰子属植物，为多年生常绿乔木，广泛分布于世界上近100个地处热带的国家和地区，其中主产国是印尼、菲律宾、印度和斯里兰卡等，我国椰子的主要种植区在海南，种植面积和果实产量均占全国的90％以上。椰子果是椰子树的果实，俗称椰子 国人对于椰子的利用传统上采用剖切的方式只是能摄取汁液，剩余果皮残渣就随处丢弃严重制造污染，因此椰农转型推出剥壳椰子，即先行剥除椰子外壳仅存内果皮（硬壳）再加以冷藏保鲜贩售，果皮残渣再经粉碎后当介质利用，作法上较为环保，目前剥壳方式仍以人工为主。本研究针对椰子基本物性加以探讨分析，进而规划设计剥壳机构。调查显示椰子外观大部分呈三稜形，果实由外果皮、中果皮、内果皮组成，外果皮呈绿色或浅黄色，光滑坚实，富韧性，中果皮属纤维层含软木屑包覆着内果皮。经试验结果显示果皮含水率变化与破坏力之间有密切关系，即外果皮破坏力随着含水率下降有逐渐增大现象，中果皮破坏力与含水率多寡无直接关系，但与纤维条数、厚度有关。 本研究设计三角锥型齿剥壳机构以拉扯方式将椰皮撕裂，椰子剥衣工序由人工操作变为机器操作，不仅可以大大提高生产效率，为后期工序提供充足的原材料，更重要的是能够保证操作人员的人身安全，减少伤残事故的发生。同时由于前期工序采用了自动化，不仅可以节省大批的劳动力，而且解决了椰子生产企业扩大生产规模的瓶颈问题，为企业扩大生产规模，提高经济效益开辟新的途径。 关键字：椰子剥衣机；滚切式；刀架；空气吹扫。 Abstract Coco
nut(Cocos
nucifera L.) is a coco
nut palm species, is a pere
n
nial evergree
n tree,widely distributed i
n theworld's
nearly 100 cou
ntries a
nd regio
ns located i
n the tropics,where the mai
n produci
ng cou
ntries are I
ndo
nesia, the Philippi
nes, I
ndia a
nd Sri La
nka, our mai
n coco
nut growi
ng areas i
n Hai
na
n, pla
nted area a
ndyield fruits accou
nt for more tha
n 90% of the cou
ntry. Coco
nut fruit is the fruit of the coco
nut tree, commo
nly k
now
n as coco
nut. For people usi
ng traditio
nal cutway usi
ng o
nly capable of taki
ng o
n the coco
nut juice, peel residue remai
ni
ng o
n everywhere discarded serious polluters, so coco
nut huski
ng coco
nuts agricultural tra
nsformatio
n lau
nch that first strip of coco
nut shell remai
ni
ng e
ndocarp( hard shell) coupledwith cold storage to sell, the
n peel residue after crushi
ngwhe
n the media use, the more e
nviro
nme
ntally frie
ndly practices, there is still labor-based shellerway. I
n this study, to i
nvestigate the a
nalysis of the basic physical properties of coco
nut, a
nd the
n peel the pla
n
ni
ng a
nd desig
n age
ncy. Survey shows that the appeara
nce of most of the three prism coco
nut, fruit from the exocarp, mesocarp, e
ndocarp composed husk gree
n or paleyellow, smooth a
nd solid, rich tough
ness, mesocarp e
ndocarp fiber-co
ntai
ni
ng layer is a softwood coveredwith. The test results showed close relatio
nship betwee
n the peel a
nd destructive cha
nges i
n moisture co
nte
nt, that husk destructive moisture co
nte
nt decreased graduallywith i
ncreasi
ng phe
nome
no
n, mesocarp destructive a
nd
not directly related to the amou
nt of moisture, but the
number of fibers, thick
ness. The studywas desig
ned tria
ngular pyramidal teeth pulledway Sheller i
nstitutio
ns coco
nut ski
n tor
n clothi
ng coco
nut peeli
ng process by a huma
n operator i
nto a machi
ne operator,
not o
nly ca
n greatly i
ncrease productivity, provide adequate raw materials for the latter process is more importa
nt to e
nsure the safety of the operator, reduce the i
ncide
nce of disability accide
nts. At the same time due to the early adoptio
n of automated processes, ca
n
not o
nly save a lot of labor, but also to solve the coco
nut productio
n e
nterprises to expa
nd the scale of productio
n bottle
necks for e
nterprises to expa
nd productio
n scale, ope
ni
ng up
newways to improve eco
nomic efficie
ncy. Keywords Coco
nut strippi
ng clothes dryers; roll-cut; k
nife; air purge. 目录 摘要2 1.概述4 1.1引言4 1.2基础数据试验5 2.椰子剥壳机的总体设计10 2.1椰子剥壳机的设计理念10 2.2椰子剥壳机所采用的结构10 3.主要参数设计16 3.1壳机所需功率计算16 3.2电动机的选择16 3.3减速器的选择17 3.4验算剥皮机的剥皮速度18 3.5风机的选择18 3.6联轴器的选型计算…………………………………………………………………………………..19 3.7滚珠丝杠的选择设计……………………………………………………………………………….20 4.结构设计28 4.1面板的设计28 4.2刀具的选择29 5.主要零部件的强度计算31 5.1滚动轴承的校核31 5.2滑动轴承的校核34 5.3轴的校核34 5.4键连接的选择及校核37 6、结论38 参考文献39 致谢39